“…Despite the inclusion of cities with different population trajectories (both cities that faced population growth and cities that had population loss), these studies did not aim to explore the effect of group specificities on the results. In addition to these two studies, DEA was also used by González, Cárcaba, and Ventura (), González, Cárcaba, Ventura, and Garcia (), Cárcaba, González, and Ventura () and Martín and Mendoza () to compare Spanish municipalities. These studies included a diversity of municipal realities regarding population trajectories, but they were also not aimed at analysing group specific effects.…”