A DCT domain smart vicinity reliant fragile watermarking technique for DIBR 3D-TV

Abstract

This work presents a vicinity reliant intelligent fragile watermarking scheme for depth imagebased rendering technique used for three-dimensional television. Depth map of a centre image is implicitly inserted in the block-based discrete cosine transform (DCT) of the same using an aggregate, which also takes into account the presence of its neighbourhood blocks. Based upon the parity of a Boolean operation on the aggregate, parity is modulated which implicitly embeds the watermark. Genetic algorithm is then utilized to select the appropriate frequency bands in the DCT domain to become eligible for watermark embedding based on imperceptibility requirements. Experimental results demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed scheme in terms of its resistance against a set of fragile watermarking attacks and its ability to detect and localize tempering attempts.

A Feature-based Fragile Watermarking for Tamper Detection using Voronoi Diagram Decomposition

“…According to the emebedding domain, the watermark information can be embedded in three different ways: directly in pixels of original image (spatial domain) [21], in coefficients of image transformation (transform domain) [3] or in features of image (feature domain) [17]. Feature-based watermarking schemes are based on salient regions, Feature Points (FP) or image characteristics, and are efficient in terms of detection and recovery against geometric attacks.…”

“…The watermarking technique has several applications as copyright protection, image authentication, and integrity and according to these applications, the watermarking can be respectively: robust [21], fragile [3] and semi-fragile [11]. Fragile watermarking must be sensitive both to malicious attacks and to accidental content alteration and it is very desirable to detect corrupted areas.…”