“…As recapitulation, the use of plasticity models to presume the behavior of concrete structures provides inaccurate outcomes, especially after the peak point. Several papers (Lubliner, Oliver, Oller & Ońate, 1989;Paliwal, Hammi, Moser & Horstemeyer, 2017;Poliotti & Bairán, 2019;Bhartiya, Sahoo & Verma, 2021;Xiao, Chen, Zhou, Leng & Xia, 2021;Liu, Zhang, Zhao, Wu & Guo, 2022;Lu, Meng, Zhou, Wang & Du, 2022) combine the damage of concrete with the plasticity theory to provide yet another category of models referred to as plastic damage models. One of the most innovative models in this category was developed by Lubliner et al (1989) called the damage plastic model (DPM) also known as the Barcelona model.…”