A cytosine analogue 5-azacitidine improves the accumulation of licochalcone A in licorice Glycyrrhiza inflata

Exogenous application of 5-azacitidin, royal jelly and folic acid regulate plant redox state, expression level of DNA methyltransferases and alleviate adverse effects of salinity stress on Vicia faba L. plants

“…Boosting global DNA methylation will decrease global transcription, which will lower the energy required by the cell to fend off pathogens or endure other stressors linked to environmental difficulties [ 13 ] . The role of these enzymes in DNA methylation resulted in gene silencing subsequently reducing the expression of different genes which lead to plant developmental abnormalities [ 25 , 79 ]. Thus, the detrimental effect of salinity stress on Giza-716 may result from over expression of methyltransferases enzyme encoding genes ( MT1 about 7 folds , MT2 about 25 folds) ( Fig.…”

“…With the exception of methionine, which is reported to be marginally higher in worker jelly (WJ) than in RJ, the levels of most EAAs were higher in WJ than in RJ [ 82 ]. Since DNA methylation levels target a group of genes rather than a single gene, hypomethylation of a resistance gene would increase its expression and enable the cell to overcome the temporary challenge [ 13 , 25 ]. DNA hypomethylation and dormancy acceleration was induced in buds of tree peony treated with 5-AZA [ 83 ].…”

“…Their association role with regulation of methyltransferases and other growth and protection related genes have received very little attention.5-azacytidine is analogous to cytosine that is used as popular tool for research in the function of DNA methylation as well as their exogenous application for recovering hazardous effects of oxidative stress [ 20 , 24 ]. 5-AZA treatment activates some transcription factors and structural genes elaborated in licochalcone A biosynthesis in Glycyrrhiza inflata seedlings [ 24 , 25 ]. Folic acid is a necessary vitamin that catalyzes essential biochemical reactions such as metabolism of nucleotides for DNA synthesis and methylation processes with antioxidant properties [ 26 ].…”