A cytokinin-activation enzyme-like gene improves grain yield under various field conditions in rice

Abscisic acid (ABA) is involved in regulating drought tolerance, and pyrabactin resistance-like (PYL) proteins are known as ABA receptors. To elucidate the role of one of the ABA receptors in rice, OsPYL9 was mutagenized through CRISPR/Cas9 in rice. Homozygous and heterozygous mutant plants lacking any off-targets and T-DNA were screened based on site-specific sequencing and used for morpho-physiological, molecular, and proteomic analysis. Mutant lines appear to accumulate higher ABA, antioxidant activities, chlorophyll content, leaf cuticular wax, and survival rate, whereas a lower malondialdehyde level, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and vascular bundles occur under stress conditions. Proteomic analysis found a total of 324 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), out of which 184 and 140 were up and downregulated, respectively. The OsPYL9 mutants showed an increase in grain yield under both drought and well watered field conditions. Most of the DEPs related to circadian clock rhythm, drought response, and reactive oxygen species were upregulated in the mutant plants. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that DEPs were only involved in circadian rhythm and Gene Ontology (GO) analysis showed that most of the DEPs were involved in response to abiotic stimulus, and abscisic acid-activated signaling pathways. Protein GIGANTEA, Adagio-like, and Pseudo-response regulator proteins showed higher interaction in protein–protein interaction (PPI) network. Thus, the overall results showed that CRISPR/Cas9-generated OsPYL9 mutants have potential to improve both drought tolerance and the yield of rice. Furthermore, global proteome analysis provides new potential biomarkers and understandings of the molecular mechanism of rice drought tolerance.

show abstract

“…The RT-qPCR analyses were conducted as previously described [ 93 ]. We also performed the RT-qPCR to validate the proteomic data.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Precise Editing of the OsPYL9 Gene by RNA-Guided Cas9 Nuclease Confers Enhanced Drought Tolerance and Grain Yield in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) by Regulating Circadian Rhythm and Abiotic Stress Responsive Proteins

Usman

Nawaz

Zhao

et al. 2020

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…There is increasing interest in the plant hormone group, the cytokinins, because of their potential to improve crop yield (e.g. Chen et al ., 2020b; Cucinotta et al ., 2018; Jabłoński et al ., 2020; Jameson and Song, 2020; Nguyen et al ., 2020, 2021; Schwarz et al ., 2020; Wang et al ., 2020a; Zhang et al ., 2020). The cytokinins are considered to have significant but contrasting roles in shoot and root architecture (Werner et al ., 2003a) and to control both seed number and seed size (Jameson and Song, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytokinin glucosyl transferases, key regulators of cytokinin homeostasis, have potential value for wheat improvement

Chen

Zhao

Song

et al. 2021

Plant Biotechnology Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The cytokinins, which are N 6 -substituted adenine derivatives, control key aspects of crop productivity. Cytokinin levels are controlled via biosynthesis by isopentenyl transferase (IPT), destruction by cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (CKX), and inactivation via glucosylation by cytokinin glucosyl transferases (CGTs). While both yield components and tolerance to drought and related abiotic stressors have been positively addressed via manipulation of IPT and/or CKX expression, much less attention has been paid to the CGTs. As naming of the CGTs has been unclear, we suggest COGT, CNGT, CONGT and CNOGT to describe the O-, N-and dual function CGTs. As specific CGT mutants of both rice and arabidopsis showed impacts on yield components, we interrogated the wheat genome database, IWGSC RefSeq v1.0 & v2.0, to investigate wheat CGTs. Besides providing unambiguous names for the 53 wheat CGTs, we show their expression patterns in 70 developmental tissues and their response characteristics to various stress conditions by reviewing more than 1000 RNA-seq data sets. These revealed various patterns of responses and showed expression generally being more limited in reproductive tissues than in vegetative tissues. Multiple cis-regulatory elements are present in the 3 kb upstream of the start codons of the 53 CGTs. Elements associated with abscisic acid, light and methyl jasmonate are particularly over-represented, indicative of the responsiveness of CGTs to the environment. These data sets indicate that CGTs have potential value for wheat improvement and that these could be targeted in TILLING or gene editing wheat breeding programmes.genes controlling the formation of the deactivated cytokinin Oand N-glucosides. After introducing the cytokinins more generally, this article focuses on the cytokinin O-and N-glucosyl transferases and their potential roles in modifying yield in bread wheat, under ambient and stress conditions. Cytokinin biosynthesis and metabolismNaturally occurring cytokinins, which are adenine derivatives, fall into two groups: those with an isoprenoid side chain and those with an aromatic one. The isoprenoid cytokinins are considered to be the predominant forms (Jaworek et al., 2019;Sakakibara, 2006). The aromatics are not covered in this review as, while not exhaustively looked for in all cereals, they were not detected in either maize leaves (Lacuesta et al., 2018) or in rice (Kudo et al., 2012), although low levels of 6-benzylamino purine were recently reported in wheat spikes (Jabło nski et al., 2020) and low levels of various aromatic metabolites have been detected in germinating seeds of maize and oats (Stirk et al., 2012).

show abstract

“…On the contrary, a mutation in the C-terminal of OsLOGL5 led to normal plant morphology, but rice yield increased under the conditions of sufficient water, drought, normal nitrogen, and low nitrogen in multiple geographical locations. It was found that the C-terminal of OsLOGL5 protein played an important role in regulating rice yield and improving NUE under different abiotic stresses [131]. In summary, these results suggest that the reasonable use of hormones can also significantly improve the NUE of rice under various growth conditions.…”

Section: Plant Hormones Act On Nuementioning

confidence: 72%

Molecular Regulatory Networks for Improving Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Rice

Hou

et al. 2021

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Nitrogen is an important factor limiting the growth and yield of rice. However, the excessive application of nitrogen will lead to water eutrophication and economic costs. To create rice varieties with high nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) has always been an arduous task in rice breeding. The processes for improving NUE include nitrogen uptake, nitrogen transport from root to shoot, nitrogen assimilation, and nitrogen redistribution, with each step being indispensable to the improvement of NUE. Here, we summarize the effects of absorption, transport, and metabolism of nitrate, ammonium, and amino acids on NUE, as well as the role of hormones in improving rice NUE. Our discussion provide insight for further research in the future.

show abstract

A cytokinin-activation enzyme-like gene improves grain yield under various field conditions in rice

Cited by 71 publications

References 51 publications

Precise Editing of the OsPYL9 Gene by RNA-Guided Cas9 Nuclease Confers Enhanced Drought Tolerance and Grain Yield in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) by Regulating Circadian Rhythm and Abiotic Stress Responsive Proteins

Precise Editing of the OsPYL9 Gene by RNA-Guided Cas9 Nuclease Confers Enhanced Drought Tolerance and Grain Yield in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) by Regulating Circadian Rhythm and Abiotic Stress Responsive Proteins

Cytokinin glucosyl transferases, key regulators of cytokinin homeostasis, have potential value for wheat improvement

Molecular Regulatory Networks for Improving Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Rice

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About