A cytochemical study of nuclear changes in boar, bull, goat, mouse, rat, and stallion spermatids

Courtens, J.L.; Loir, Maurice

doi:10.1016/s0022-5320(81)80124-4

Cited by 61 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…One of the central events of spermiogenesis is the substitution of the chromatin structural proteins by protamines, allowing a different structural organization to take place in the sperm nucleus (Courtens and Loir, 1981;Balhom, 1989;Ward and Coffey, 1991). Indeed, as reviewed by Ward and Coffey (1991), chromatin packaging in spermatozoa is very different from that of somatic cells; for example, the mouse sperm cell nucleus is 40-fold smaller than the nucleus of the mouse somatic cell.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromatin packaging and morphology in ejaculated human spermatozoa: evidence of hidden anomalies in normal spermatozoa

et al. 1996

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This study aimed to investigate the association between anomalies in sperm chromatin packaging, morphology and fertilization in patients undergoing routine in-vrtro fertilization (IVF) or subzonal insemination (SUZI). Sperm chromatin packaging was assessed using chromomycin A 3 (CMA 3 ), a f luorochrome specific for guaninecytosine rich sequences of DNA. One hundred to 150 sperm cells were assessed in 55 patients to compare sperm chromatin packaging and morphology to fertilization after IVF or SUZI. When the morphology and CMA 3 fluorescence of individual spermatozoa was assessed, >75% of the macrocephalic sperm fluoresced in all patients. In contrast, a mean of 37% of the spermatozoa with normal morphology fluoresced in IVF patients compared with 58% of the normal spermatozoa in male factor patients treated by SUZI. SUZI patients displaying a high fluorescence (>70%) in their spermatozoa also had a significantly lower fertilization rate. Lower packaging quality in morphologically normal spermatozoa may represent a major limiting factor in the fertilizing ability of male factor patients. This study confirms that a high percentage of CMA 3 positivity is present in certain forms of male factor infertility and that such a test may be used to distinguish separate populations in morphologically normal spermatozoa.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromatin packaging and morphology in ejaculated human spermatozoa: evidence of hidden anomalies in normal spermatozoa

et al. 1996

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“…Data in Table 1 indicate that the 50 nm fibers in stages 11 and 12 spermatids may be gradually transformed into large intermediate fibers (62 nm and 70 nm) in stages 13-14 spermatids, and finally converted to 95 nm fibers in mature spermatids. This initial chromatin condensation may also be brought about by TP proteins which are found to be the prevalent lysine-rich proteins in these stages 7,8,10,13 (see Fig 6). The large chromatin cords in maturation phase spermatids (stages 15-17) have similar appearance to chromatin remaining within the heads of rat spermatozoa after being decondensed with urea-DTT.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The size and conformation change of chromatin fibers during these stages may be the consequence of the loss of histones, including various variants of H1 and other core histones, and/ or their replacement by transition proteins (TP) as reported earlier. [9][10][11][12] In late acrosome phase spermatids (stage [13][14], chromatin fibers increase in thickness to 60-70 nm, starting from the subacrosomal and spreading to the caudal regions of the nucleus. Data in Table 1 indicate that the 50 nm fibers in stages 11 and 12 spermatids may be gradually transformed into large intermediate fibers (62 nm and 70 nm) in stages 13-14 spermatids, and finally converted to 95 nm fibers in mature spermatids.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wanichanon¹,

Weerachatyanukul²,

Suphamungmee³

et al. 2001

ScienceAsia

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The process of chromatin condensation during the transformation from spermatids to spermatozoa in rat was observed by transmission electron microscopy. In Golgi and cap phase spermatids (stages 1-7), 2 sizes of chromatin fibers are evenly distributed in the nuclei, 10 nm and 30 nm thick (level 1 and 2). The latter are uniform fibers that appear as dense dots in cross section, while the former are thin zigzag fibers that link between 30 nm fibers. In earlier stages, level 1 fibers tend to predominate, while in later stages level 2 fibers do. In early acrosome phase spermatids (stages 8-9), the nuclei transform from round to pear shape with partially formed acrosomes covering the anterior ends, and the chromatin fibers, which are mostly at level 2, are packed closely and evenly together. There are increasing number of larger fibers about 40 nm in diameter (level 3) in the subacrosomal region of the nuclei. In mid acrosome phase spermatids (stages 10-12) the 40 nm fibers appear to grow in width to 50 nm (level 4) which transform into long straight fibers that are interlaced together in several directions, and become distributed evenly throughout the nuclei. In late acrosomal phase spermatids (stages 13-14) the chromatin appears as 60 and 70 nm thick knobs and branching cords (levels 5 & 6) in the anterior part of the nucleus, which becomes highly tapered, while the posterior part still contains mainly 50 nm straight fibers. The wave of transformation to thick chromatin cords continues from the anterior to posterior regions, until in maturation phase spermatids (stages 15-17) when chromatin in the anterior halves of some nuclei is completely condensed and the rest of chromatin appears as 90-100 nm thick (level 7) branching cords with narrow intervening light spaces. In immature spermatozoa (stages 18-19) the chromatin becomes completely condensed with only few pale spots scattered widely throughout each nucleus. The three main types (30, 50, 100 nm) of chromatin fibers observed during spermiogenesis correlate well with the sequence of the development of the spermatid to spermatozoa when histones, transition proteins and protamines are bound to DNA.

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“…The arguments in favor of this hypothesis are the following : 1) The basal knobs are formed only in late elongating spermatids, just before the manchette disappears (Courtens and Loir, 1981).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, these movements may be facilitated when nucleoproteins, responsible for early chromatin condensation, are lost from the nuclei. In the presently studied species, this takes place when the manchette slips backwards, the basal knobs are formed (Courtens and Loir, 1981) Résumé. Les microtubules de la manchette des spermatides de Bélier, Taureau, Etalon, Verrat, et Bouc sont reliés à la fois à l'enveloppe nucléaire et à la chromatine par des fibres traversant l'enveloppe nucléaire.…”

unclassified

The spermatid manchette of mammals : formation and relations with the nuclear envelope and the chromatin

Courtens¹,

Loir²,

Delaleu³

et al. 1981

Reprod. Nutr. Dévelop.

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A cytochemical study of nuclear changes in boar, bull, goat, mouse, rat, and stallion spermatids

Cited by 61 publications

References 35 publications

Chromatin packaging and morphology in ejaculated human spermatozoa: evidence of hidden anomalies in normal spermatozoa

Chromatin packaging and morphology in ejaculated human spermatozoa: evidence of hidden anomalies in normal spermatozoa

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The spermatid manchette of mammals : formation and relations with the nuclear envelope and the chromatin

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