A Cyclized Polyacrylonitrile Anode for Alkali Metal Ion Batteries

Abstract

Organic anodes have attracted increasing attention for alkali metal ion batteries.I nt his work, we discoveredt hat cyclized polyacrylonitrile (cPAN) can serve as an excellent anode for alkali metal ion batteries.Upon activation cycling, as an anode of lithium-ion battery,c PANe xhibits ar eversible capacity as high as 1238 mAh g À1 under ac urrent density of 50 mA g À1 .B ased on electrochemical experiments and firstprinciples calculations,i ti sd emonstrated that the hexagonal carbon ring, piperidine ring, and pyridine nitrogen in ladder cPAN are the main active sites for lithium-ion storage.c PAN displays au nique potential-dependent solid electrolyte interphase formation from 0.1 to 0.01 Vvs. Li/Li + .Italso displays decent performance as an anode in SIBs and PIBs.

Free-Standing Stable Silicon-Based Anode with Exceptional Flexibility Realized by a Multifunctional Structure Design in Multiple Dimensions

“…Afterward, the SC-PAN-GO undergoes a series of structural transformations and takes off some small molecules in the subsequent reactions. In Figure e, the main peaks can be attributed to CN, C–H, and C–N, , which is also consistent with the results in XPS. Figure f shows the Raman spectrum of SC-CP-G.…”

“…Furthermore, by eliminating the heat-treatment step in the process, the intermediate Si/C-PAN nanofiber-GO (abbreviated as SC-PAN-GO) was obtained, and the corresponding XRD pattern is shown in Figure S3b. For SC-PAN-GO, in addition to the typical Si peaks, the peaks at 16.5° and 26.5° are assigned to PAN. − With the progress of the cyclization reaction, the intensity of the peak at 16.5° gradually weakened, , while the other peak remained basically unchanged, and the final cPAN only showed the peak at 26.5° . To explore the mass ratio of Si in SC-CP-G, TGA (thermogravimetric analysis) was implemented under air and the resultant curve is shown in Figure c.…”

“…In the XPS analysis of SC-CP-G (Figure d), the N 1s spectrum exhibits two resonances, located at 398.4 and 399.9 eV, representing the pyridinic group and substitutional graphite group, respectively. ,, Correspondingly, the N 1s spectrum of SC-PAN-GO (Figure S4a) shows only one peak at 399.0 eV, which is denoted as the cyanic group. , Figure e and Figure S4b show the infrared spectra of SC-CP-G and SC-PAN-GO, respectively. Before heat treatment, SC-PAN-GO contains many kinds of chemical bonds and functional groups, such as CN, CO, COH, −CH 2 , , CH, , COC, , and CO . Afterward, the SC-PAN-GO undergoes a series of structural transformations and takes off some small molecules in the subsequent reactions.…”

Halogen-Free Electrolytes Based on Modified Boranes for Alkali-Ion Batteries

“…As E anion could not absolutely determine E salt , the VDE value of the anion is only one factor determining the BE. The nonmonotonic variation of ΔE M + with increasing VDE is shown in Figure 4 (12,13) H (13,,14) , but the VDEs for those are much smaller than that of the YB 11 H 12 anion. Thus, based on BE and VDE, MYB 11 H 12 could be superior electrolytes in the respective series.…”

“…The electrolyte plays an important role as the charge carrier between the cathode and the anode when current flows through the external circuit. In recent years, several high-potential electrode materials have been developed for AMIBs. − Therefore, further research is required for developing compatible safe and efficient electrolytes. − …”