A Cyber Physical Interface for Automation Systems—Methodology and Examples

Abstract

Cyber physical systems (CPS) in a manufacturing and automation context can be referred to different manufacturing process, including design, simulation, control, and verification. However, for data analytics, the concept of CPS is relatively new, and a standard methodology is lacking on how to incorporate this type of interface for automation applications. This study discusses a modeling methodology for a cyber physical interface and presents the five levels of information for a cyber physical system, that range from the data connection level to the system configuration level. In order to achieve this awareness and health state of the machine and system, a technical approach that uses adaptive health monitoring algorithms is presented. Lastly, an experimental study on a machine tool ball screw is highlighted, in which a predictive model and a cyber physical interface is developed for this application. The outcomes from this study demonstrate that machine health state awareness is feasible, and the core technologies can aim mechanical systems systematically develop its CPS. This can lead to additional product revenue for the manufacturers, and also a potential competitive edge in the market place.

Cyber physical systems for predictive production systems

“…Figure 3 shows the "5C" architecture as a guideline of CPS development for industrial applications [20][21][22]. The paragraphs below will explain the function of each level in detail.…”

“…The Center for Intelligent Maintenance Systems (IMS) at the University of Cincinnati collaborates with one of the prominent suppliers of ball screws to conduct research and development for the next generation self-aware ball screws. The first phase of the project focused on remaining useful life (RUL) prediction of ball screws through accelerated life testing and statistical modeling, which is elaborated by Jin [21]. The second phase of the project extends the scope into minimal sensing-based fault classification for different usage profiles, and builds up user-friendly human-machineinterface on portable mobile device.…”

Interface modeling for product‐service system integration

“…Consequently, considering both functional and physical aspects is vital in interface modeling . This view encompasses Interface Types such as: A functional interface that is constituted of an input or output flow between two functions, so that they may exchange material, energy, and/or information ˒ A physical interface is a physical link binding two system elements, so that they can work together compatibly ˒ ˒ A cyber interface connects the “cyber space and the physical asset.” An organizational interface shows interactions between actors or service participants that can be between human or organization A transactional interface facilitates interactions between components involving payments like, for instance, online payment to use/buy a service A human‐machine interface is related to the interactions happening during the service operation or support …”

“…• A cyber interface connects the "cyber space and the physical asset." 66 • An organizational interface shows interactions between actors or service participants that can be between human or organization 65,67 • A transactional interface facilitates interactions between components involving payments like, for instance, online payment to use/buy a service. 68 • A human-machine interface is related to the interactions happening during the service operation or support.…”

Industrial Big Data Platform Based on Open Source Software

“…In [9], authors proposed a unified 5-level architecture as a guideline for implementation of CPS which is architecture for Industry 4.0 based manufacturing system. The service innovation and smart analytics for the big data environment are discussed in [10].…”