A cumulative index of exposure to endogenous estrogens and breast cancer by molecular subtypes in northern Mexican women

Rojas-Lima, Elodia; Gamboa-Loira, Brenda; Cebrián, Mariano E.; Rothenberg, Stephen J.; López‐Carrillo, Lizbeth

doi:10.1007/s10549-020-05562-0

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Forty-six studies evaluated the association between age at menarche and BC subtypes (twenty-four case–control studies [ 9 , 22 , 28 , 36 , 37 , 39 – 42 , 44 , 46 , 48 , 53 , 57 , 61 , 63 , 65 , 66 , 72 , 79 , 80 , 83 , 85 , 86 ], fourteen case-only studies [ 20 , 27 , 30 , 35 , 43 , 59 , 69 , 71 , 74 – 77 , 81 , 89 ], three case–control/case-case studies [ 24 , 52 , 60 ], and five cohort studies [ 17 , 18 , 55 , 70 , 88 ]), and were included in the systematic review. Among the cohort and case–control studies, later age at menarche was associated with lower risk of BC in the majority of studies regardless of subtype [ 9 , 17 , 18 , 22 , 24 , 28 , 36 , 37 , 39 – 42 , 44 , 46 , 48 , 52 , 53 , 55 , 57 , 60 , 61 , 63 , 65 , 66 , …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Twenty-one studies evaluated the association between age at menopause and BC subtypes (ten case–control studies, seven case-case studies, one case–control/case-case study, and three cohort studies). In the cohort studies and eleven case–control studies [ 9 , 17 , 18 , 36 , 38 , 40 , 46 , 48 , 52 , 53 , 63 , 65 , 66 , 72 , 85 – 88 ], later age at menopause was associated with higher risk among nine luminal A studies [ 17 , 18 , 38 , 40 , 63 , 72 , 85 – 87 ], four luminal B studies [ 17 , 18 , 40 , 86 ], ten HER2-overexpressing studies [ 17 , 18 , 38 , 40 , 46 , 63 , 65 , 72 , 86 , 87 ], and eleven TNBC/basal-like studies [ 17 , 18 , 36 , 38 , 46 , 63 , 65 , 66 , 72 , 85 , 86 ]. Ye et al [ 87 ] and Yuan et al [ 88 ] observed no significant differences in mean age at menopause and BC subtypes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association of reproductive risk factors and breast cancer molecular subtypes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2023

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Background Associations between reproductive factors and breast cancer (BC) risk vary by molecular subtype (i.e., luminal A, luminal B, HER2, and triple negative/basal-like [TNBC]). In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we summarized the associations between reproductive factors and BC subtypes. Methods Studies from 2000 to 2021 were included if BC subtype was examined in relation to one of 11 reproductive risk factors: age at menarche, age at menopause, age at first birth, menopausal status, parity, breastfeeding, oral contraceptive (OC) use, hormone replacement therapy (HRT), pregnancy, years since last birth and abortion. For each reproductive risk factor, BC subtype, and study design (case–control/cohort or case-case), random-effects models were used to estimate pooled relative risks and 95% confidence intervals. Results A total of 75 studies met the inclusion criteria for systematic review. Among the case–control/cohort studies, later age at menarche and breastfeeding were consistently associated with decreased risk of BC across all subtypes, while later age at menopause, later age of first childbirth, and nulliparity/low parity were associated with increased risk of luminal A, luminal B, and HER2 subtypes. In the case-only analysis, compared to luminal A, postmenopausal status increased the risk of HER2 and TNBC. Associations were less consistent across subtypes for OC and HRT use. Conclusion Identifying common risk factors across BC subtypes can enhance the tailoring of prevention strategies, and risk stratification models can benefit from subtype specificity. Adding breastfeeding status to current BC risk prediction models can enhance predictive ability, given the consistency of the associations across subtypes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of reproductive risk factors and breast cancer molecular subtypes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2023

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“…CMM maybe a better measure of lifetime exposure to endogenous estrogen than individual menstrual and reproductive factors. Previous studies calculated CMM as age at menopause minus age at menarche for postmenopausal women, and age at interview or age at cancer diagnosis minus age at menarche for premenopausal women 3‐9 . Some CMM calculations also excluded months of pregnancy and months of oral contraceptive (OC) use 3,4,6 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 Several of these risk factors have been associated with endogenous estrogen levels in cross-sectional studies. 2 Cumulative menstrual months (CMM), a surrogate measure of aggregate endogenous estrogen exposure, has been related to risk of breast cancer among European women, 3,4 women in Northern Mexico 5 and Asian women in Los Angeles County 6 and in Asia. 7 CMM maybe a better measure of lifetime exposure to endogenous estrogen than individual menstrual and reproductive factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies calculated CMM as age at menopause minus age at menarche for postmenopausal women, and age at interview or age at cancer diagnosis minus age at menarche for premenopausal women. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9] Some CMM calculations also excluded months of pregnancy and months of oral contraceptive (OC) use. 3,4,6 There is currently limited information on the relationship between CMM and breast cancer risk in nonwhite populations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cumulative menstrual months and breast cancer risk by hormone receptor status and ethnicity: The Breast Cancer Etiology in Minorities Study

Cole

John

Hines

et al. 2021

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Reproductive and hormonal factors may influence breast cancer risk via endogenous estrogen exposure. Cumulative menstrual months (CMM) can be used as a surrogate measure of this exposure. Using harmonized data from four population‐based breast cancer studies (7284 cases and 7242 controls), we examined ethnicity‐specific associations between CMM and breast cancer risk using logistic regression, adjusting for menopausal status and other risk factors. Higher CMM was associated with increased breast cancer risk in non‐Hispanic Whites, Hispanics and Asian Americans regardless of menopausal status (all FDR adjusted P trends = .0004), but not in African Americans. In premenopausal African Americans, there was a suggestive trend of lower risk with higher CMM. Stratification by body mass index (BMI) among premenopausal African American women showed a nonsignificant positive association with CMM in nonobese (BMI <30 kg/m2) women and a significant inverse association in obese women (OR per 50 CMM = 0.56, 95% CI 0.37‐0.87, Ptrend = .03). Risk patterns were similar for hormone receptor positive (HR+; ER+ or PR+) breast cancer; a positive association was found in all premenopausal and postmenopausal ethnic groups except in African Americans. HR− (ER− and PR−) breast cancer was not associated with CMM in all groups combined, except for a suggestive positive association among premenopausal Asian Americans (OR per 50 CMM = 1.33, P = .07). In summary, these results add to the accumulating evidence that established reproductive and hormonal factors impact breast cancer risk differently in African American women compared to other ethnic groups, and also differently for HR− breast cancer than HR+ breast cancer.

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Therapeutic Potential of Modulating Oxidative DNA Damage in Breast Cancer

Naushad¹,

Kutala

2022

Handbook of Oxidative Stress in Cancer: Therapeutic Aspects

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A cumulative index of exposure to endogenous estrogens and breast cancer by molecular subtypes in northern Mexican women

Cited by 14 publications

References 40 publications

Association of reproductive risk factors and breast cancer molecular subtypes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Association of reproductive risk factors and breast cancer molecular subtypes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Cumulative menstrual months and breast cancer risk by hormone receptor status and ethnicity: The Breast Cancer Etiology in Minorities Study

Therapeutic Potential of Modulating Oxidative DNA Damage in Breast Cancer

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