A culture unit for the study of nutrient uptake by intact mycorrhizal plants under aseptic conditions

Bigg, William L.; Alexander, Ian J.

doi:10.1016/0038-0717(81)90107-3

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Sterilization by heat was responsible for the production of toxic compounds that could be harmful for plant development. Other sterilizing methods and new methods of mycorrhizal synthesis were used along time, confirming the results originally shown by Frank (Hacskaylo, 1953;Marx and Zak, 1965;Trappe, 1962;1967;Pachlewska, 1968;Skinner and Bowen, 1974;Mason, 1975;Mullette, 1976;Fortin et al, 1980;1983;Sohn, 1981;Biggs and Alexander, 1981;Nylund, 1981;Rancillac, 1983;Duddridge and Read, 1984a;b;Branzanti and Zambonelli, 1986;Kahr and Arveby, 1986;Kottke et al, 1987;Wong and Fortin, 1988;Bougher et al, 1990, Jones et al, 1990. Mycorrhizae formed in non-sterile soils are responsible for the increased performances of the plants.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 79%

In vitro Mycorrhization of Micropropagated Plants: Studies on Castanea sativa Mill

Martins

2008

Mycorrhizae: Sustainable Agriculture and Forestry

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Abstract:In vitro mycorrhization can be made by several axenic and nonaxenic techniques but criticism exists about their artificiality and inability to reproduce under natural conditions. However, artificial mycorrhization under controlled conditions can provide important information about the physiology of symbiosis. Micropropagated Castanea sativa plants were inoculated with the mycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus tinctorius after in vitro rooting. The mycorrhizal process was monitored at regular intervals in order to evaluate the mantle and hartig net formation, and the growth rates of mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal plants. Plant roots show fungal hyphae adhesion at the surface after 24 hours of mycorrhizal induction. After 20 days a mantle can be observed and a hartig net is forming although the morphology of the epidermal cells remains unaltered. At 30 days of root-fungus contact the hartig net is well developed and the epidermal cells are already enlarged. After 50 days of mycorrhizal induction, growth was higher for mycorrhizal plants than for nonmycorrhizal ones. The length of the major roots was lower in mycorrhizal plants after 40 days. Fresh and dry weights were higher in mycorrhizal plants after 30 days. The growth rates of chestnut mycorrhizal plants are in agreement with the morphological development of the mycorrhizal structures observed at each mycorrhizal time. The assessment of symbiotic establishment takes into account the formation of a mantle and a hartig net that were already developed at 30 days, when differences between fresh and dry weights of mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal plants can be quantified. In vitro conditions, mycorrhization influences plant physiology after 20 days of root-fungus contact, namely in terms of growth rates. Fresh and dry weights, heights, stem diameter and growth rates increased while major root growth rate decreased in mycorrhizal plants.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 79%

In vitro Mycorrhization of Micropropagated Plants: Studies on Castanea sativa Mill

Martins

2008

Mycorrhizae: Sustainable Agriculture and Forestry

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“…Cultures of Paxillus involutus Batsch.533 were maintained on modified Melin-Norkrans medium (Marx, 1969). When the seedlings were 21 days old they were transferred into a sterile perlite culture system (Bigg & Alexander, 1981). They were then inoculated with Paxillus involutus or left uninoculated.…”

Section: Plant and Mycorrhizal Pre-culturementioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of ectomycorrhizas on the concentration and biodegradation of simple organic acids in a forest soil

Hees

Godbold

Jentschke

et al. 2003

European J Soil Science

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Summary Simple organic acids seem to be important in many soil processes including nutrient uptake in the rhizosphere and long‐term pedogenic processes such as podzolization. The factors regulating the concentrations of these acids in soil, however, remain poorly understood. We have investigated one set of factors, namely the impact of ectomycorrhizal (Paxillus involutus) and non‐mycorrhizal Picea abies seedlings and humic acid on the concentration and dynamics of organic acids in soil solution. We did so over 10 months in laboratory columns containing soil from the E horizon of a sandy forest soil. Several organic acids were identified in the solution extracted from the root zone including oxalic, citric, malonic, succinic, acetic, formic and lactic acids at concentrations ranging from <0.1 to 2.3 µm. Both plants and ectomycorrhizas had significant effects on the concentration of organic acids in soil solution. In contrast, omitting P from the irrigation water appeared to have little effect on the concentrations. The microbial mineralization kinetics of oxalate conformed well to a single Michaelis–Menten equation. Further, the soil with the mycorrhizas had a significantly faster mineralization of oxalic acid over a wide concentration range than did the soil without ectomycorrhizas and without plants. We conclude that the oxalate flux through the soil with both trees and mycorrhizas is much faster than is evident from measurements of solution concentration at steady state. Humic acid had little effect on the concentrations of organic acids or dynamics in the soil solution. Oxalic acid concentrations in the soil solution were correlated with hyphal length, rate of microbial mineralization, soil respiration, and shoot to root weight ratio. We conclude that both mycorrhizas and plants have a large impact on organic acid cycling in forest soils.

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“…533, isolated from a fruitbody collected at an acidified Norway spruce stand in northern Germany (Schlechte, 1986), was maintained on modified Melin-Norkrans medium (Marx, 1969). When seedlings were 3 wk old, they were transferred into a sterile perlite culture system (modified after Bigg & Alexander, 1981) and inoculated with P. involutus or remained uninoculated. The seedlings were grown for 9 wk in perlite (Marschner et al , 1996) and then transferred to a two-compartment culture system described in detail by Brandes et al .…”

Section: Plant Materials and Inoculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interdependence of phosphorus, nitrogen, potassium and magnesium translocation by the ectomycorrhizal fungus Paxillus involutus

et al. 2001

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Summary• Translocation is shown of phosphorus, nitrogen, potassium and magnesium to a P-deficient host from ectomycorrhizal fungal hyphae.• Mycorrhizal (with Paxillus involutus ) and nonmycorrhizal P-deficient spruce ( P. abies ) seedlings were grown in a two-compartment sand-culture system. Hyphal translocation of nutrients from the inner compartment (penetrated only by hyphae) to the host was measured using mass balance (for N, P and K) or stable isotope ( 15 N and 25 Mg) methods.• Addition of P to the hyphal compartment strongly stimulated hyphal growth, and this also increased both seedling P status and growth. Hyphae translocated nonlimiting elements in addition to P, contributing 52, 17, 5 and 3-4%, respectively, to total P, N, K or Mg plant uptake. The potential role of the ectomycorrhizal mycelium in K acquisition was demonstrated. Translocation to mycorrhizal seedings of N, K and Mg was strongly reduced when hyphal P-fluxes ceased; this translocation of nonlimiting nutrients depended on simultaneous translocation of P.• The ectomycorrhizal mycelium has an active role in P acquisition from sources not available to roots. Nutrient fluxes within fungal hyphae are interdependent and strong coupling of N, K and Mg fluxes with long-distance P translocation in the mycorrhizal mycelium occurs.

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A culture unit for the study of nutrient uptake by intact mycorrhizal plants under aseptic conditions

Cited by 15 publications

References 6 publications

In vitro Mycorrhization of Micropropagated Plants: Studies on Castanea sativa Mill

In vitro Mycorrhization of Micropropagated Plants: Studies on Castanea sativa Mill

Impact of ectomycorrhizas on the concentration and biodegradation of simple organic acids in a forest soil

Interdependence of phosphorus, nitrogen, potassium and magnesium translocation by the ectomycorrhizal fungus Paxillus involutus

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