A cryptozoospermic infertile male with Y chromosome AZFc microdeletion and low FSH levels due to a simultaneous polymorphism in the FSHB gene: a case report

Abstract

Genetic causes account for 10–15% of male factor infertility, making the genetic investigation an essential and useful tool, mainly in azoospermic and severely oligozoospermic men. In these patients, the most frequent findings are chromosomal abnormalities and Y chromosome long arm microdeletions, which cause a primary severe spermatogenic impairment with classically increased levels of FSH. On the other hand, polymorphisms in the FSH receptor (FSHR) and FSH beta chain (FSHB) genes have been associated with different FSH plasma levels, due to variations in the receptor sensitivity (FSHR) or in the production of FSH from the pituitary gland (FSHB). Here, we describe an unusual patient with a combined genetic alteration (classic AZFc deletion of the Y chromosome and TT homozygosity for the -211G>T polymorphism in the FSHB gene (rs10835638)), presenting with cryptozoospermia, severe hypospermatogenesis, and normal LH and testosterone plasma concentrations, but low FSH levels. The patient partially benefitted from treatment with FSH (150 IU three times/week for 6 months) which allowed him to cryopreserve enough motile spermatozoa to be used for intracytoplasmic sperm injection. According to our knowledge, this is the first report of an infertile man with AZFc microdeletion with low FSH plasma concentrations related to homozygosity for the -211G>T polymorphism in the FSHB gene.

Genetic Causes of Qualitative Sperm Defects: A Narrative Review of Clinical Evidence

“…Male factor infertility (MFI) has a variety of causes, ranging from genetic mutations to lifestyle factors, testicular impairment, systemic diseases, or drugs. In fact, MFI represents a perfect example of a complex disease with a substantial genetic basis, with genetic factors being the cause, either alone or in combination with other factors, of 10-15% of the cases [4,5].…”