A Crucial Site in the Argument Between Neptunists and Plutonists: Reopening of the Historical Adit in the Komorní hůrka (Kammerbühl) Volcano After 180 Years

Rapprich, Vladislav; Valenta, J.; Brož, Milan; Kadlecová, Eva; Vries, Benjamín van Wyk de; Petronis, Michael; Rojík, Petr

doi:10.1007/s12371-018-0286-z

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Mrlina et al (2007) determined an age of 288 ± 17 ka by Ar-Ar dating for the juvenile component of the tephra from the Mýtina Maar. In addition to the two maar-diatreme volcanoes, the Pleistocene scoria cones Komorni hůrka (Kammerbühl) and Železná hůrka (Eisenbühl) are known to belong to this alkaline volcanic episode (Seifert and Kämpf 1994;Ulrych et al 2013;Rapprich et al 2019). At local scale, all the Pleistocene volcanic structures are located along the NNW-SSE-trending Tachov fault, a western segment of the Tachov-Domazlice Graben.…”

Section: Geodynamic Setting and Previous Investigationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cooling rates of pyroclastic deposits inferred from mineral magnetic investigations: a case study from the Pleistocene Mýtina Maar (Czech Republic)

Lied

Kontny

Nowaczyk

et al. 2020

Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch)

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Tephra layers of the Mýtina Maar, Czech Republic, contain ferrimagnetic Mg-Al-rich titanomagnetite, which is suggested to originate from a fractionated alkaline CO 2-rich lithospheric mantle melt. We investigated the magnetic mineralogy and Curie temperature (T C) from tephra deposits of two drill cores (< 9 m depth). T C calculated (208 ± 14 °C) from chemical composition (Fe 2+ 0.8 Mg 0.5 Fe 3+ 1.1 Al 0.3 Ti 0.3 O 4) is in accordance with T C retrieved from cooling curves of temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility measurements (195-232 °C). However, thermomagnetic curves are irreversible either with lower (type I) or higher (type II) T C in the heating curve. All curves show transition temperatures above ca. 390 °C, indicating maghemitization. We interpret the irreversibility of T C (∆T C) in terms of different degrees of cation ordering, overprinted or masked by different degrees of maghemitization, which is a low-temperature phenomenon. Negative ∆T C indicates that original deposited titanomagnetite has cooled faster and, therefore, has stored a lower degree of cation ordering compared to heating/cooling rate of 11 °C/min in the Kappabridge. Type II with positive ∆T C indicates higher degree of cation ordering, and, therefore, slower cooling rate. The central part of this deposit shows most severe maghemitization, indicating rather wet emplacement. We, therefore, suggest different eruption styles for deposition of type I pyroclastics with more phreatomagmatic and type II pyroclastics with more phreato-Strombolian eruption styles. Our study is a new approach to discriminate different cooling histories in maar deposits using the Curie temperature of titanomagnetite. We suggest that this method has the potential to discriminate different emplacement modes resulting from different eruption styles.

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Section: Geodynamic Setting and Previous Investigationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cooling rates of pyroclastic deposits inferred from mineral magnetic investigations: a case study from the Pleistocene Mýtina Maar (Czech Republic)

Lied

Kontny

Nowaczyk

et al. 2020

Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch)

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“…We focus on the volcanic activity along the TF with several Pleistocene volcanoes (Figure 1). Two scoria cones Komorní hůrka/Kammerbühl (KH) and Železná hůrka/Eisenbühl (ZH) have been known since the 18th century (e.g., Gottsmann, 1999; Hradecký, 1994; Rapprich et al., 2019), while the other Pleistocene volcanoes in this area remained undisclosed until the last two decades. First, the Mýtina maar near ZH scoria cone was disclosed in the Czech Republic (Mrlina et al., 2009), followed by the Neualbenreuth maar in Germany (Rohrmüller et al., 2018), both penetrating phyllites of the Dyleň massif.…”

Section: Tectonic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two Small Volcanoes, One Inside the Other: Geophysical and Drilling Investigation of Bažina Maar in Western Eger Rift

Hrubcová

Fischer

Rapprich

et al. 2023

Earth and Space Science

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Maar‐diatreme volcanoes are small volcanic structures with a funnel‐shaped crater surrounded by a tephra‐ring. They are usually formed by the explosive phreatomagmatic eruptions when groundwater comes into the contact with magma. We focus on such a structure in the geodynamically active western Eger Rift (Czech Republic) and present results from multidisciplinary geophysical investigation calibrated by drilling in the newly discovered Pleistocene Bažina maar. We evaluated morphological (LiDAR‐based DEM) data and confirmed the existence of a maar‐diatreme structure by combined geophysical methods. In the map view, they revealed circular negative gravity anomaly, funnel‐shape low‐resistivity anomaly, and strong magnetic anomaly. These results allowed for the optimal location of two boreholes in the maar crater, which evinced its contact with country rocks and lithologies of the maar‐diatreme filling. The drilling revealed coherent volcanic rocks and volcaniclastic deposits, moreover, it revealed a presence of a pyroclastic cone with the olivine nephelinite feeding conduit. Further investigations disclosed maar structure and subsequent pyroclastic cone(s) with several generations of eruptions and systematic decrease of water influence on the eruption style. Different eruption styles suggest a unique evolution of two volcanoes, one inside the other. The age of the Bažina maar eruption, estimated from the reverse polarity of the detected magnetic anomaly, implies that the effusion and solidification of the lava during the eruption must be older than 0.78 Ma (Pleistocene). This points to an active volcanism in the western Eger Rift in a span of ∼0.5 Ma, where Bažina represents the oldest (maybe opening) phase.

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“…The attribution of value to these geological features is based on the argument that they both constitute resources for science, education and tourism and that they provide a sense of place tied to historical, cultural, aesthetic and religious values (Brocx 2007;Brocx and Semeniuk 2007). The fault tectonic area of the Chaîne des Puys in France is a recognised UNESCO World Heritage Site, and the Kant's Volcano Mine in the Czech Republic is a geological heritage site (Rapprich et al 2018). Indeed, the history of geological discovery is strongly associated with the ideas of the European 'Enlightenment'-particularly where they connect with geological (vs biblical) ideas of time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Dark Geocultural Heritage of Volcanoes: Combining Cultural and Geoheritage Perspectives for Mutual Benefit

Scarlett

Riede

2019

Geoheritage

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It is now widely accepted that vulnerability to natural hazards is dependent on cultural and historical factors. Similarly, geoheritage cannot be readily disentangled from cultural values and cultural heritage. The assignment of value to a given geosite is conducted in the present, and many, if not most geosites, are also sites of culture-historical significance. Conversely, most tangible cultural heritage also contains elements of geoheritage. To merge aspects of geoheritage and of cultural heritage, the notion of geocultural heritage has been proposed; we build on this and argue that the viewpoints of geoheritage and of cultural heritage-here especially of dark heritage-can be brought further together for mutual benefit. We begin by demonstrating through a bibliometric analysis that the two fields are at present unduly disjointed. We then illustrate how geoheritage and dark cultural heritage can be brought together through four case studies of past volcanism and their complex human entanglements. In conclusion, we encourage heritage workers to be more fully interdisciplinary, to read more widely outside their own fields and to disseminate their research more broadly for mutual benefits of geoheritage valorisation, conservation and risk reduction.

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A Crucial Site in the Argument Between Neptunists and Plutonists: Reopening of the Historical Adit in the Komorní hůrka (Kammerbühl) Volcano After 180 Years

Cited by 10 publications

References 55 publications

Cooling rates of pyroclastic deposits inferred from mineral magnetic investigations: a case study from the Pleistocene Mýtina Maar (Czech Republic)

Cooling rates of pyroclastic deposits inferred from mineral magnetic investigations: a case study from the Pleistocene Mýtina Maar (Czech Republic)

Two Small Volcanoes, One Inside the Other: Geophysical and Drilling Investigation of Bažina Maar in Western Eger Rift

The Dark Geocultural Heritage of Volcanoes: Combining Cultural and Geoheritage Perspectives for Mutual Benefit

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