A Cross-Talk between Diet and the Oral Microbiome: Balance of Nutrition on Inflammation and Immune System’s Response during Periodontitis

Abstract

Over the last few decades, studies on the oral microbiome have increased awareness that the balance between the host and the microbial species that coexist in it is essential for oral health at all stages of life. However, this balance is extremely difficult to maintain, and many factors can disrupt it: general eating habits, sugar consumption, tobacco smoking, oral hygiene, and use of antibiotics and other antimicrobials. It is now known that alterations in the oral microbiota are responsible for developing and promoting many oral diseases, including periodontal disease. In this context, diet is an area for further investigation as it has been observed that the intake of particular foods, such as farmed animal meat, dairy products, refined vegetable oils, and processed cereals, affects the composition of the microbiota, leading to an increased representation of acid-producing and acid-tolerant organisms and periodontal pathogens. However, little is known about the influence of diet on the oral microbiome and the creation of a suitable microenvironment for the development of periodontal disease. The aim of the present study is to evaluate current knowledge on the role of diet in the oral dysbiosis underlying periodontal disease.

The protein-energy malnutrition is associated with the prevalence and mortality of periodontitis: a dose-response association study

“…Previous studies have explored the association between inadequate nutritional intake and the risk of periodontitis [41][42][43][44]. Diet has been suggested to play an important role in oral ecological dysregulation that is typical of periodontal disease, as it provides nutritional substrates for microorganisms that can contribute to the creation of a microenvironment suitable for the reproduction and survival of certain organisms.…”

Impact of oral microbiota on pathophysiology of GVHD

“…Common causes of oral dysbiosis include diet, smoking, oral hygiene practices, and antibiotics ( 75 ). In the diet, the intake of sugars and certain foods such as farmed animal meat, dairy products, refined vegetable oils, and processed grains affects the composition of the microbiota.…”

Estudo comparativo da influência de aparelhos ortodônticos fixos e móveis na microbiota bucal

“…Conforme um estudo pioneiro de pirosequenciamento multitag para caracterizar fungos presentes na cavidade oral indivíduos saudáveis, usando os primers pan-fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS), desenvolvido por Ghannoum et al, podem ter identificados fungos cultiváveis e, principalmente, não cultiváveis. Os gêneros frequentemente observados em uma microbiota saudável são Candida (isoladas de 75% dos participantes), seguidas por Cladosporium (65%), Aureobasidium, Saccharomycetales (50% para ambos), Aspergillus (35%), Fusarium (30%) e Cryptococcus (20%) (Santonocito et al, 2022).…”