A cross-sectional study with an improved methodology to assess occupational air pollution exposure and respiratory health in motorcycle taxi driving

Lawin, Hervé; Agodokpessi, G.; Ayelo, Paul; Kagima, Jacqueline; Sonoukon, Rodrigue; Ngahane, Bertrand Hugo Mbatchou; Awopeju, O.F.; Vollmer, William M.; Nemery, Benoît; Burney, Peter; Fayomi, Benjamin

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.01.068

Cited by 35 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…We found few studies despite the increasing number of people in this occupation especially in LMIC. Most of the articles focused on bus and motorcycles taxi drivers which represent the main methods of public transport in LMICs especially in Africa (12).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Health Risks Associated with Occupational Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution in Commercial Drivers: a Systematic Review

Lawin¹,

Fanou²,

Hinson³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Introduction: Ambient air pollution is major global health problem and commercial drivers are particularly exposed to it. No systematic assessment of the health risks associated with occupational exposure to ambient air pollution in this population has been carried out. Methods:We conducted a systematic review using a protocol-driven strategy.Papers published from inception to 20th April 2018 in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, African journals online, Cochrane library, ISRCTN and WHO ICTRP databases were screened for inclusion by two independent reviewers. Original articles with at least an available abstract in English or French were included. Results:The initial search retrieved 1454 published articles of which 20 articles were included. 3 Studies reported a significant difference in white blood cells (10 6 /L) among commercial motorcyclists compared to rural inhabitants (5.041±1.209 vs 5.900±1.213,p=0.001), an increased risk of lung cancer (RR=1.6, 95%CI 1.5-1.8) in bus drivers and an increased standardized mortality ratio (SMR) in bus drivers from Hodgkin's lymphoma (SMR 2.17, 95%CI 1.19-3.87) compared to white collar workers. Other studies also found that drivers had more oxidative DNA damage and chromosome breaks. 4 papers failed to demonstrate that the drivers were more exposed to air pollution than the controls. 3 other studies also reported no significant difference in lung function parameters and respiratory Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 3 symptoms. The genetic polymorphisms of detoxifying enzymes were not also homogeneously distributed compared to the controls. Conclusion:There is some evidence that occupational exposure to ambient air pollution among commercial drivers is associated with adverse health outcomes but the existing literature is limited with few studies of small sample size, methodological weaknesses and contradictory findings. Further research is recommended.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…between drivers and controls (12)(13)(14). These contradictory results can be explained by the choice of controls and / or the lack of statistical power as noted Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 12 August 2018 doi:10.20944/preprints201808.0215.v1…”

Section: Three Of the Cross Sectional Studies Found No Difference In mentioning

confidence: 99%

Health Risks Associated with Occupational Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution in Commercial Drivers: a Systematic Review

Lawin¹,

Fanou²,

Hinson³

et al. 2018

Preprint

Self Cite

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“…The recruitment plan has been described extensively elsewhere [3]. Briefly we recruited 85 commercial motorcycle riders working in Cotonou and individually matched controls.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several epidemiologic studies have found that ambient air pollution (from generators, vehicular emissions, agriculture and open burning, and household air pollution) is associated with risk of developing a broad range of diseases [3–5]. Ambient air pollution, for example particulate matter [6], is classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as a group 1 carcinogen to humans lungs [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exhaled carbon monoxide: a non-invasive biomarker of short-term exposure to outdoor air pollution

et al. 2017

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BackgroundIn urban settings of Africa with rapidly increasing population, traffic-related air pollution is a major contributor to outdoor air pollution (OAP). Although OAP has been identified as a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality, there is however, lack of a simple biomarker to assess levels of exposure to OAP in resource-poor settings. This study evaluated the role of exhaled carbon monoxide (exhCO) as a potential biomarker of exposure to ambient carbon monoxide (ambCO) from OAP.MethodsThis was a descriptive study conducted among male commercial motorcycle riders in Cotonou – the economic capital of Benin. The participants’ AmbCO was measured using a portable carbon monoxide (CO) data logger for 8 h during the period of their shift. ExhCO was measured just before and immediately after their shift (8-h) Participants were asked not to cook or to smoke during the day of the measurements. Linear regression analysis was used to assess the association between ambCO and exhCO for the last 2, 4 and 6 h of their shift.ResultsOf 170 participants who completed the study, their mean ± SD age was 42.2 ± 8.4 years, and their mean ± SD daily income was 7.3 ± 2.7$. Also, 95% of the participants’ used solid fuels for cooking and only 2% had ever smoked. Average exhCO increased by 5.1 ppm at the end of the shift (p = 0.004). Post-shift exhCO was significantly associated to ambCO, this association was strongest for the last 2 h of OAP exposure before exhCO measurement (β = 0.34, p < 0.001).ConclusionExhCO level was associated with recent exposure to ambCO from OAP with measurable increase after 8 h of exposure. These findings suggest that ExhCO may be a potential biomarker of short-term exposure to OAP.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4243-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Moreover, in many low-income countries, motorbike taxis are a major mode of local transportation (Assamoi and Liousse, 2010). In Benin, motorbike taxi drivers (mainly male) represented almost 2.5% of the total population of Benin in 2002 (Lawin et al, 2016). As they spend many hours in the middle of traffic every day, these drivers are highly exposed to traffic-related PM2.5 pollution over years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personal exposure to PM2.5 emitted from typical anthropogenic sources in Southern West Africa (SWA): Chemical characteristics and associated health risks

Xu¹,

Léon²,

Liousse³

et al. 2018

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Abstract. Urbanisation is a strongly emerging issue in Southern West African (SWA) region. There is a general lack of understanding about the personal exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5), its chemical components and health risks related to the various anthropogenic sources in this region. In the current study, personal exposure to PM2.5 (PE PM2.5) sampling was for the first time carried out in dry season (January) and wet season (July) of 2016 to characterize PE PM2.5 from Domestic Fires (DF) for women and Waste Burning (WB) for students in Abidjan, C&#244;te d'Ivoire and Motorcycle Traffic (MT) for drivers in Cotonou, Benin. The average PE PM2.5 mass concentrations were 331.7&#8201;&#177;&#8201;190.7, 356.9&#8201;&#177;&#8201;71.9 and 242.8&#8201;&#177;&#8201;67.6&#8201;&#956;g&#8201;m&#8722;3 at DF, WB and MT for women, students and drivers, which were 2.4, 10.3 and 6.4 times of the ambient PM2.5 concentrations, respectively. Mean concentrations of PE PM2.5 at DF (358.8&#8201;&#177;&#8201;100.5&#8201;&#956;g&#8201;m&#8722;3), WB (494.3&#8201;&#177;&#8201;15.8&#8201;&#956;g&#8201;m&#8722;3) and MT (335.1&#8201;&#177;&#8201;72.1&#8201;&#956;g&#8201;m&#8722;3) were much elevated in dry season, 15&#8201;% higher than that at DF and 55&#8201;% higher at both WB and MT. The changes in PE PM2.5 can be attributed to the source emissions, meteorological factors and personal activities. The results also show that geological material (35.8&#8201;%, 46.0&#8201;% and 42.4&#8201;%) and organic matter (34.1&#8201;%, 23.3&#8201;% and 24.9&#8201;%) were always the major components in PE PM2.5 at DF, WB and MT sites. It is worth noting that the contribution to PE PM2.5 from heavy metals was higher at WB (1.0&#8201;%) than at DF (0.7&#8201;%) and MT (0.4&#8201;%), which was influenced by the waste burning emission strongly, leading to the highest heavy metal non-cancer risks for students (5.1 and 4.8 times of women and drivers' non-cancer risks). In organic species of PE PM2.5, some fingerprints can be used to quantify the exposure concentrations and trace the source contributions from local typical anthropogenic sources to different samples. Women exposure concentration to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in PM2.5 at DF (77.4&#8201;&#177;&#8201;47.9&#8201;ng&#8201;m&#8722;3) was 1.6 times that for students at WB (49.9&#8201;&#177;&#8201;30.7&#8201;ng&#8201;m&#8722;3) and 2.1 times for drivers at MT (37.0&#8201;&#177;&#8201;7.4&#8201;ng&#8201;m&#8722;3), which is related to the solid fuels burning and grilling meat activities, resulting in 5 times higher of cancer risk safety threshold (1&#8201;&#215;&#8201;10&#8722;6) to women. Phthalate esters (PAEs), commonly used as plasticizers in many products, were observed to be extremely high in student exposure PM2.5 samples (1380.4&#8201;&#177;&#8201;335.2&#8201;ng&#8201;m&#8722;3) at WB site, owing to the waste burning emission obviously. Drivers exposure to fossil fuel emission (especially traffic) markers-hopanes in PE PM2.5 at MT (50.9&#8201;&#177;&#8201;7.9&#8201;ng&#8201;m&#8722;3) was 2.0&#8211;2.3 times higher than women at DF (17.1&#8201;&#177;&#8201;6.4&#8201;g&#8201;m&#8722;3) and students at WB (15.6&#8201;&#177;&#8201;6.1&#8201;ng&#8201;m&#8722;3), correlating with the elevated exposure to traffic emissions for drivers. Overall, the study shows that wood combustion, waste burning, fugitive dust and motor vehicle emissions dominated PE PM2.5 mass and contributed to its toxicities mainly. Heavy metals and organic chemicals in PE PM2.5 in SWA brought about Pb and Mn non-cancer health risks for students at WB site and serious PAHs cancer risks for women at DF site via inhalation pathway. This study provides basic data and initial perspective of PM2.5 personal exposure and health risk assessment in underdeveloped area to encourage the government to improve the air quality and living standard of residents in this region.

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A cross-sectional study with an improved methodology to assess occupational air pollution exposure and respiratory health in motorcycle taxi driving

Cited by 35 publications

References 8 publications

Health Risks Associated with Occupational Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution in Commercial Drivers: a Systematic Review

Health Risks Associated with Occupational Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution in Commercial Drivers: a Systematic Review

Exhaled carbon monoxide: a non-invasive biomarker of short-term exposure to outdoor air pollution

Personal exposure to PM<sub>2.5</sub> emitted from typical anthropogenic sources in Southern West Africa (SWA): Chemical characteristics and associated health risks

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A cross-sectional study with an improved methodology to assess occupational air pollution exposure and respiratory health in motorcycle taxi driving

Cited by 35 publications

References 8 publications

Health Risks Associated with Occupational Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution in Commercial Drivers: a Systematic Review

Health Risks Associated with Occupational Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution in Commercial Drivers: a Systematic Review

Exhaled carbon monoxide: a non-invasive biomarker of short-term exposure to outdoor air pollution

Personal exposure to PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; emitted from typical anthropogenic sources in Southern West Africa (SWA): Chemical characteristics and associated health risks

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Personal exposure to PM<sub>2.5</sub> emitted from typical anthropogenic sources in Southern West Africa (SWA): Chemical characteristics and associated health risks