A cross-sectional study on peripheral arterial disease in a district of Sri Lanka: prevalence and associated factors

Weragoda, Janaka; Seneviratne, Rohini De Alwis; Weerasinghe, Manuj C.; Wijeyaratne, Mandika; Samaranayaka, Anil

doi:10.1186/s12889-015-2174-7

Cited by 19 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The cutoff levels of ABPI for selection of cases and controls were based on the finding of a validation study of ABPI [12]. All the cases of our study were incident cases detected during the community based prevalence survey [11]. As latent period of PAD is long, modification of risk factors following diagnosis becomes a major drawback if prevalent cases were selected for a case control study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cluster size was 28 with equal number of males and females. Detailed methodology of this cross sectional survey has been described in previously published paper [11]. Identification of cases and controls was based on ankle brachial pressure index (ABPI).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For sustainable preventive strategies in a country, it is mandatory to identify the prevalence of the disease and identifying country-specific modifiable risk factors. A recent study found the age and sex adjusted prevalence of PAD in Sri Lanka to be as 3.6% [11]. There are no studies on risk factors of PAD in Sri Lanka.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk factors of peripheral arterial disease: a case control study in Sri Lanka

et al. 2016

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BackgroundPeripheral artery disease (PAD) is an important global health problem and contributes to notable proportion of morbidity and mortality. This particular manifestation of systemic atherosclerosis is largely under diagnosed and undertreated. For sustainable preventive strategies in a country, it is mandatory to identify country-specific risk factors. We intended to assess the risk factors of PAD among adults aged 40–74 years.MethodsThis case control study was conducted in 2012–2013 in Sri Lanka. Seventy-nine cases and 158 controls in the age group of 40–74 years were selected for the study in order to have case to control ratio 1:2. The criterion for selecting cases and control was based on Ankle brachial pressure index (ABPI). Cases were selected from those who had ABPI 0.85 or less (ABPI ≤0.85) in either lower limb. Controls were selected from those ABPI score between 1.18 and 1.28 in both lower limbs. Only newly identified individuals with PAD were selected as cases. Controls were selected from the same geographical location and within the 5 year age group as cases.ResultsThe history of diabetes mellitus more than 10 years (OR 5.8, 95% CI 2.2–14.2), history of dyslipidemia for more than 10 years (OR 4.9, 95% CI 2.1–16.2), history of hypertension for more than 10 years (OR 3.8, 95% CI 1.8–12.7) and smoking (OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.2–6.9), elevated HsCRP (OR 3.7, 95% CI 1.2–12.0) and hyperhomocysteinemia (OR 3.0, 95% CI 1.1–8.1) were revealed as country specific significant risk factor of PAD.ConclusionsDiabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking as well as elevated homocysteine and HsCRP found as risk factors of PAD. Longer the duration or higher level exposure to these risk factors has increased the risk of PAD. These findings emphasis the need for routine screening of PAD among patients with the identified risk factors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk factors of peripheral arterial disease: a case control study in Sri Lanka

et al. 2016

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“…[1][2][3] According to a recent study based on outpatient data, the prevalence of PAD in the US population more than 65 years of age is 11.8% and the incidence 22.4 per 1000 person-years. 4 A recent epidemiological study from Sri Lanka reported the incidence of PAD among general population aged between 40-74 years at 3.6% with no significant gender difference [5]. Worldwide, the disease affects nearly 2% of general population over the age of 40 years.…”

Section: Background and Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Peripheral Vascular Disease: A Contemporary Review

Bashar

Ahmed

2019

Bangladesh Heart J

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Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD) is an emerging public health problem in Bangladesh that has tremendous social and economic implications. Unfortunately, there is a general lack of adequate understanding about this disease among primary care physicians and common people. This is why patients present late to vascular care which poses significant difficulties in the treatment and increases cost burden. Late presentation also increases the rate of limb loss. Treatment of PVD is rapidly evolving with the advent of endovascular modalities. The article provides a review of the basic aspects of PVD as well as the present status of care. Bangladesh Heart Journal 2019; 34(2) : 137-145

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“…Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is one of the most common cardiovascular diseases in developed countries [ 1 ] and is an emerging problem in developing countries [ 2 , 3 ]. The Trans-Atlantic Inter-Society Consensus reported the prevalence of PAD in European population studies ranged from 3.6 to 9.2 %, and was 10–20 % in those aged over 70 years [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gaps in awareness of peripheral arterial disease in Sri Lanka: a cross sectional study

Weragoda¹,

Weerasinghe

Seneviratne

et al. 2016

BMC Public Health

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BackgroundPeripheral arterial disease (PAD) is an emerging problem in Sri Lanka, particularly with the ageing population. A considerable number of patients are detected at a late stage with severe limb ischemia or chronic non-healing leg ulceration. Public awareness about PAD is important in developing preventive strategies.MethodsA cross sectional study was conducted to assess awareness of PAD among adults aged 40–74 years in a district in Sri Lanka. In total, 2912 adults were selected for the study using a multistage probability proportionate to size sampling technique. Data were collected by an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Participants who were aware of PAD were asked about common risk factors, possible consequences of untreated PAD, and sources of information. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess the independent predictors of PAD awareness.ResultsWe found that 4.1 % of participants were aware of PAD (95 % confidence interval: 3.4–4.8), which was significantly lower than awareness of other cardiovascular diseases such as cerebrovascular accidents (67.3 %) and myocardial infarction (57.6 %) (p < 0.001). Being male, an urban resident, and having a higher level of education were independent predictors of high PAD awareness.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that a comprehensive PAD awareness program that covers risk factors, consequences, and preventative strategies is needed to enhance public awareness of PAD.

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A cross-sectional study on peripheral arterial disease in a district of Sri Lanka: prevalence and associated factors

Cited by 19 publications

References 23 publications

Risk factors of peripheral arterial disease: a case control study in Sri Lanka

Risk factors of peripheral arterial disease: a case control study in Sri Lanka

Peripheral Vascular Disease: A Contemporary Review

Gaps in awareness of peripheral arterial disease in Sri Lanka: a cross sectional study

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