A Cross Sectional Study on the Rising Frequency of Gallbladder Stones

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of cholelithiasis in the city of Lahore and its surrounding area. Material and Methods: This study was conducted at Shalamar Medical and dental college Lahore and data for this study was collected from different hospitals of Lahore and the duration of this study was from 2019 to 2021. The participants of this study were from both genders’ male and female from of the age of 10 years to 80 years, and the sample size for this study was 483 and 1583. The main focus of our study was to examine the occurrence of Cholelithiasis surgical in the duration of our study. A questionnaire was used to analyses the occurrence of gall stone, and also the sex, age and dietary habits of the patients. Results: In the results of this study the frequency of gall stones were observed 4.0% in males and 12.0% in females and the percentage of occurrence of gall stones in both these genders were 1% to 3.3%. the high occurrence rate of gall stones in the months are May and November, in both these months the observation of gall stones in these were very high. Both the genders were divided into two main age groups in which male age group were from 10 years to 78 years and the females age group were from 11 years to 80 years. The ideal age for the occurrence of gall stones in male were 45 years to 59 years and in females were 3 years to 44 years respectively. Conclusions: In the conclusion of this study, we examine that the overall occurrence of gall stones in both the genders were 7.01%, but at same the time occurrence rate in the females were very high as compared to the male which were 1% in males and 3.3% in females. Keywords: Cholelithiasis, Surgical Incidence, Gallstones.

Assessment of Physical and Mental Health of Children Living in Orphanages in Islamabad- A Cross-Sectional Survey

“…It was observed that both physical and mental health was suboptimal in children residing in orphanages in the twin cities. Comparable results were reported in previous studies by Hassan et (3,18). The presence of low BMI among orphans, especially among younger age groups, has also been observed among the orphans of Southern Ethiopia as well as those living in Odisha, India, where around 27% and 32% of the orphans were found to be underweight respectively.…”

“…In terms of physical health, orphans in Pakistan may face challenges regarding malnutrition, lack of access to healthcare, and exposure to infectious diseases. Additionally, they may be more susceptible to physical abuse and neglect (18).…”

“…In addition, many orphans had problems with visual acuity, increased ear wax, hearing problems, skin disorders, and poor dental and oral health. These findings suggest that a considerable number of orphans in the orphanage had poor physical health status (18).…”