A cross-sectional study of the relationships between different components of sarcopenia and brachial ankle pulse wave velocity in community-dwelling elderly

Abstract

Background: Previous studies have just found skeletal muscle mass decline is associated with arterial stiffness, but it is unclear whether muscle strength and physical performance as important compositions of sarcopenia are associated with arterial stiffness. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between sarcopenia, the components of sarcopenia and arterial stiffness among elderly in the community. Methods: This study enrolled 450 elderly people who received general medical examinations in Tianjin First Center Hospital. Each of the subjects was greater than 65 years old, including 266 male and 184 female subjects. Based on the diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia in older people developed by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS), 89 subjects were separated into the sarcopenia group. The living habits, disease status, general status and laboratory examinations of all subjects were collected. The body composition (including appendicular skeletal muscle mass and visceral fat area (VFA) of each participant) was measured by bioimpedance analysis. HS, usual gait speed (GS), and brachial ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) were measured. Results: Sarcopenia subjects had higher baPWV, nutrition risk and lower appendicular skeletal muscle index (ASMI), Handgrip strength (HS), GS, body mass index (BMI), triacylglycerol (TG), serum albumin (ALB) and creatinine (Cr) than did non-sarcopenia subjects; Sarcopenia subjects also had higher visceral fat area (VFA) than did nonsarcopenia subjects (p < 0.05). ASMI and HS were negatively associated with baPWV (t = − 5.807, p = 0.000 and t = − 3.085, p = 0.002), but the relationship between baPWV and GS was not statistically significant (t = − 0.862, p = 0.389) by multivariable linear regression. After adjusting for confounders, a multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that sarcopenia was related with age, BMI, sports and baPWV in community dwelling elderly. Conclusions: ASMI and HS were negatively associated with baPWV in community dwelling elderly in China; and baPWV was a risk factor of sarcopenia.

The Association Between Arterial Stiffness and Muscle Indices Among Healthy Subjects and Subjects With Cardiovascular Risk Factors: An Evidence-Based Review

“…In subjects with CVD or CVD risk factors ( Table 2 ), five out of seven studies found significant associations ( Watson et al, 2011 ; Ohara et al, 2015 ; Yamanashi et al, 2018 ; Rong et al, 2020 ; Zhang et al, 2021 ). For example, the study by Rong et al (2020) found that muscle strength as measured by handgrip dynamometer was negatively associated with baPWV in elderly subjects ( Rong et al, 2020 ).…”

“…In subjects with CVD or CVD risk factors ( Table 2 ), five out of seven studies found significant associations ( Watson et al, 2011 ; Ohara et al, 2015 ; Yamanashi et al, 2018 ; Rong et al, 2020 ; Zhang et al, 2021 ). For example, the study by Rong et al (2020) found that muscle strength as measured by handgrip dynamometer was negatively associated with baPWV in elderly subjects ( Rong et al, 2020 ). Whereas the study by Ohara et al (2015) found that muscle strength as measured by handgrip dynamometer was negatively associated with baPWV in middle-aged and older subjects ( Ohara et al, 2015 ).…”

“…All the eleven studies found a negative association between muscle mass and PWV (Ochi et al, 2010;Kim et al, 2011;Ohara et al, 2015;Tanaka et al, 2016;Zhang et al, 2019Zhang et al, , 2021Rong et al, 2020;Yang et al, 2020;Yoon et al, 2020;Fischer et al, 2021;Inomoto et al, 2021). Five studies that measured the appendicular skeletal muscle index (ASMI) as the muscle mass marker showed a negative association between ASMI and baPWV (Zhang et al, 2019(Zhang et al, , 2021Rong et al, 2020;Yang et al, 2020;Fischer et al, 2021). For example, the study by Rong et al (2020) found that ASMI was negatively associated with baPWV in elderly Chinese after adjustment of potential confounders [(β = −32.752; P < 0.0001 (men); β = −39.783; P < 0.0001) (women)] (Rong et al, 2020).…”

“…Five studies that measured the appendicular skeletal muscle index (ASMI) as the muscle mass marker showed a negative association between ASMI and baPWV (Zhang et al, 2019(Zhang et al, , 2021Rong et al, 2020;Yang et al, 2020;Fischer et al, 2021). For example, the study by Rong et al (2020) found that ASMI was negatively associated with baPWV in elderly Chinese after adjustment of potential confounders [(β = −32.752; P < 0.0001 (men); β = −39.783; P < 0.0001) (women)] (Rong et al, 2020). Yang et al (2020) found that low muscle mass was associated with increased risk of AS in Chinese nationals aged 45 years old and older (men, P ≤ 0.0001, β = −0.208, women, P ≤ 0.0001, β = −0.245) (Yang et al, 2020).…”

The Dynamic Motor Control Index as a Marker of Age-Related Neuromuscular Impairment

“…As a result, older adults tend to have poorer balance (King et al, 2016;Cruz-Jimenez, 2017), walk at slower speeds (Menz et al, 2003;Kim and Kim, 2014;Cruz-Jimenez, 2017), and take fewer steps per day (Bassett et al, 2010) than younger adults. These deficits continue to progress with further aging; endurance (Gardener et al, 2006;Schrack et al, 2016), walking speed (Xie et al, 2017;Morrison and Newell, 2019), balance (Xie et al, 2017), and muscle mass (Doherty, 2003;Castell et al, 2013;Rong et al, 2020) significantly decrease with increasing age from 50 to 80+ years old. Untreated, these impairments can lead to significantly reduced participation in the community (Allison et al, 2013;Warren et al, 2016) and an increased risk of falling (Verghese et al, 2009;Toebes et al, 2012;Ambrose et al, 2013;Lusardi et al, 2017), one of the leading causes of morbidity among older adults (Burns and Kakara, 2018).…”