A Cross-Sectional Study of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies and Risk Factors for Seropositivity in Staff in Day Care Facilities and Preschools in Denmark

Fogh, Kamille; Eriksen, Alexandra R R; Larsen, Tine Graakjær; Hasselbalch, Rasmus Bo; Bundgaard, Henning; Scharff, Bibi F. S. S.; Nielsen, Susanne Dam; Jørgensen, Charlotte Sværke; Erikstrup, Christian; Østergaard, Lars; Ellermann-Eriksen, Svend; Andersen, Berit; Nielsen, Henrik; Johansen, Işık Somuncu; Wiese, Lothar; Hindhede, Lotte; Mikkelsen, Susan; Sækmose, Susanne Gjørup; Aagaard, Bitten; Holm, Dorte Kinggaard; Harritshøj, Lene Holm; Simonsen, Lone; Fischer, Thea Kølsen; Folke, Fredrik; Lippert, Freddy; Ostrowski, Sisse Rye; Benfield, Thomas; Mølbak, Kåre; Ethelberg, Steen; Koch, Anders; Vangsted, Anne-Marie; Krause, Tyra Grove; Fomsgaard, Anders; Ullum, Henrik; Skov, Robert; Iversen, Kasper

doi:10.1128/spectrum.04174-22

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 20 publications

(31 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Even though a reduction of the SARS-CoV-2-speci c immune response was observed, the non-S-speci c response persisted even after 20 months. During this follow-up period (April 2020 -November 2021) the level of community acquired infections remained relatively low in Denmark with population cumulative infection estimates at 5% 5,24 . None of the participants reported re-infection of SARS-CoV-2 during the follow-up period, but undiagnosed asymptomatic infections cannot be ruled out.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Long-term humoral and cellular immunity after primary SARS-CoV-2 infection: A 20- month longitudinal study

Hvidt,

Guo,

Andersen

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background SARS-CoV-2 remains a world-wide health issue. SARS-CoV-2-specific immunity is induced upon both infection and vaccination. However, defining the long-term immune trajectory, especially after infection, is limited. In this study, we aimed to further the understanding of long-term SARS-CoV-2-specific immune response after infection. Results We conducted a longitudinal cohort study among 93 SARS-CoV-2 recovered individuals. Immune responses were continuously monitored for up to 20 months after infection. The humoral responses were quantified by Spike- and Nucleocapsid-specific IgG levels. T cell responses to Spike- and non-Spike epitopes were examined using both intercellular cytokine staining (ICS) assay and Activation-Induced marker (AIM) assay with quantification of antigen-specific IFNγ production. During the 20 months follow-up period, Nucleocapsid-specific antibody levels and non-Spike-specific CD4 + and CD8 + T cell frequencies decreased. However, a majority of participants maintained a durable immune responses 20 months after infection: 59% of the participants were seropositive for Nucleocapsid-specific IgG, and more than 70% had persisting non-Spike-specific T cells. The Spike-specific response initially decreased but as participants were vaccinated against COVID-19, Spike-specific IgG levels and T cell frequencies were boosted reaching similar or higher levels compared to 1 month post-infection. The trajectory of infection-induced SARS-CoV-2-specific immunity decreases, but for the majority of participants it persists beyond 20 months. The T cell response displays a greater durability. Vaccination boosts Spike-specific immune responses to similar or higher levels as seen after primary infection. Conclusions For most participants, the response persists 20 months after infection, and the cellular response appears to be more long-lived compared to the circulating antibody levels. Vaccination boosts the S-specific response but does not affect the non-S-specific response. Together, these findings support the understanding of immune contraction, and with studies showing the immune levels required for protection, adds to the knowledge of durability of protection against future SARS-CoV-2

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Long-term humoral and cellular immunity after primary SARS-CoV-2 infection: A 20- month longitudinal study

Hvidt,

Guo,

Andersen

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Long-term humoral and cellular immunity after primary SARS-CoV-2 infection: a 20-month longitudinal study

Hvidt,

Guo,

Andersen

et al. 2023

BMC Immunol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background SARS-CoV-2 remains a world-wide health issue. SARS-CoV-2-specific immunity is induced upon both infection and vaccination. However, defining the long-term immune trajectory, especially after infection, is limited. In this study, we aimed to further the understanding of long-term SARS-CoV-2-specific immune response after infection. Results We conducted a longitudinal cohort study among 93 SARS-CoV-2 recovered individuals. Immune responses were continuously monitored for up to 20 months after infection. The humoral responses were quantified by Spike- and Nucleocapsid-specific IgG levels. T cell responses to Spike- and non-Spike epitopes were examined using both intercellular cytokine staining (ICS) assay and Activation-Induced marker (AIM) assay with quantification of antigen-specific IFNγ production. During the 20 months follow-up period, Nucleocapsid-specific antibody levels and non-Spike-specific CD4 + and CD8 + T cell frequencies decreased in the blood. However, a majority of participants maintained a durable immune responses 20 months after infection: 59% of the participants were seropositive for Nucleocapsid-specific IgG, and more than 70% had persisting non-Spike-specific T cells. The Spike-specific response initially decreased but as participants were vaccinated against COVID-19, Spike-specific IgG levels and T cell frequencies were boosted reaching similar or higher levels compared to 1 month post-infection. The trajectory of infection-induced SARS-CoV-2-specific immunity decreases, but for the majority of participants it persists beyond 20 months. The T cell response displays a greater durability. Vaccination boosts Spike-specific immune responses to similar or higher levels as seen after primary infection. Conclusions For most participants, the response persists 20 months after infection, and the cellular response appears to be more long-lived compared to the circulating antibody levels. Vaccination boosts the S-specific response but does not affect the non-S-specific response. Together, these findings support the understanding of immune contraction, and with studies showing the immune levels required for protection, adds to the knowledge of durability of protection against future SARS-CoV-2.

show abstract

A Cross-Sectional Study of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies and Risk Factors for Seropositivity in Staff in Day Care Facilities and Preschools in Denmark

Cited by 2 publications

References 20 publications

Long-term humoral and cellular immunity after primary SARS-CoV-2 infection: A 20- month longitudinal study

Long-term humoral and cellular immunity after primary SARS-CoV-2 infection: A 20- month longitudinal study

Long-term humoral and cellular immunity after primary SARS-CoV-2 infection: a 20-month longitudinal study

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About