A cross-sectional study of plasma FSH and LH levels in women using sequential, combination or injectable steroid contraceptives over long periods of time

Goldzieher, Joseph W.; Kleber, John W.; Moses, Louis E.; Rathmacher, R. P.

doi:10.1016/0010-7824(70)90035-1

Cited by 61 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…It is generally claimed that the action is a central inhibi¬ tion of the gonadotrophins. But, except for the mid-cycle peak, previous investigations (Mishell et al 1972;Goldzieher et al 1970;Jeppsson & Johansson 1976;Jeppsson et al 1977) as well as the present study, have not found the plasma concen¬ trations of FSH or LH to be lower than in eu¬ menorrhoeic women. Furthermore, the LH and FSH responses to GnRH differ only slightly from those in eumenorrhoeic women in the luteal phase (Robyn et al 1978;Mishell et al 1977).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 80%

Plasma levels of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), sex-hormone binding globulin, gonadal steroids, gonadotrophins and prolactin in women during long-term use of depo-MPA (Depo-Provera®) as a contraceptive agent

Jeppsson

Gershagen

Johansson

et al. 1982

Acta Endocrinologica

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The aim of the study was to evaluate the functional state of the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis and to assess the concentrations of MPA in the peripheral blood during very long-term use of depomedroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) as a contraceptive agent.The concentrations of MPA, sex-hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and the different pituitary and gonadal hormones in the peripheral blood were measured in nine 26\p=n-\41 year old women. They had for 4.4\p=n-\10.6 years (mean 8.9 years) been receiving DMPA im in a dose of 150 mg every 12th week as a contraceptive. Blood samples were obtained immediately before an injection of DMPA, 2 weeks later, and again immediately before the next injection. SHBG was measured by radio-electroimmunoassay; MPA, gonadal and pituitary hormones by RIA.The investigation showed that the oestradiol levels \ p=m-\ even after very long-term use of DMPA \p=m-\ were still within the normal range for the early follicular phase. Gonadotrophins and prolactin were within the normal range for eumenorrhoeic women as well as the concentration of SHBG. MPA did not accumulate in the plasma. The changes in the plasma levels of oestradiol, MPA and SHBG after each injection disappeared within 12 weeks. The study appears to warrant the conclusion that even up to 10 years' use of DMPA in a dose of 150mg im every 12th week as a contraceptive agent, does not induce hormonal changes different from those seen after the very first injection.Depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) is a microcrystalline suspension of medroxyprogesterone acetate. It is marketed (Depo-Provera®, Upjohn Company) in many countries as an injectable contraceptive. It is administered in a dose of 150 mg every 12th week. DMPA is the most widely used compound for contraception by long-acting pure gestagen injections and has been available for about 15 years. Its efficacy, acceptability and side effects are well documented (Hammerstein ). DMPA in the above mentioned dose inhibits follicular growth and ovu¬ lation. As an additional contraceptive effect, DMPA exerts a progestational action on the cervical mucus and the endometrium. The drug is well tolerated and has few side effects. The vaginal bleedings are unpredictable as no distinct withdrawal of DMPA occurs. However, the unpredictable uterine bleed¬ ing episodes gradually cease and after one year's use 35-50% of the women are amenorrhoeic (Jeppsson 1972; WHO 1978).Although there is an abundance of clinical data about women using DMPA as a contraceptive agent, our information is limited to the variations in gonadal and pituitary hormones as well as to the plasma concentrations of MPA in women using DMPA for a very long time.The aim of this study was to evaluate the func¬ tional state of the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 80%

Plasma levels of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), sex-hormone binding globulin, gonadal steroids, gonadotrophins and prolactin in women during long-term use of depo-MPA (Depo-Provera®) as a contraceptive agent

Jeppsson

Gershagen

Johansson

et al. 1982

Acta Endocrinologica

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“…Thus the pituitary and ovaries exist in a cyclic condition, oscillating between suppressed and non-suppressed or less suppressed phases. This finding is different from that earlier described for conventional low dose combined preparations (Goldzieher et al 1970, Mishell et al 1972. Even though elevations in plasma estradiol concentrations occurred in the present study, no single elevated plasma progesterone indicating ovulation was observed during the contraceptive treatment.…”

Section: Immediate Postabortal Oral Contraception With a Microdose Cocontrasting

confidence: 97%

“…Loraine et al (1965) studied urinary gonadotropin and steroid profiles after discontinuation of the long-term administration of oral contraceptives, and they found that the cycles reverted to an ovulatory pattern. Goldzieher et al (1970) found that normal cyclic gonadotropin plasma levels were reached within three months after discontinuation of treatment with combined oral contraceptives, containing 100 ,trg of mestranol and 2 mg of norethisterone.…”

Section: Immediate Postabortal Oral Contraception With a Microdose Comentioning

confidence: 97%

Influence of Oral Contraceptives on Immediate Postabortal Pituitary‐Ovarian Function

Lähteenmäki

1978

Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand

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“…The general effect of the pregnane-type progestagens appears to be to suppress LH rather than FSH. This has been shown for medroxyprogesterone acetate in both males (Gordon and his co-authors, 1970) and in females receiving 150 mg intramuscularly every 3 months (Goldzieher, Kleber, Moses & Rathmacher, 1970). When large doses of medroxyprogesterone acetate, i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Effect of Oral Cyproterone Acetate on Urinary and Serum FSH and Lh Levels in Adult Males Being Treated for Hypersexuality

Brotherton¹

1974

Reproduction

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A group of eighteen male hypersexual patients received 50 mg cyproterone acetate orally twice a day. Radioimmunoassays of LH and FSH were carried out at intervals on serum and 24-hr urine specimens. All the six`p retreatment' and twenty-eight`during-treatment' levels of urinary FSH fell within the normal range of 2 to 17 i.u. 2nd IRP-HMG/24 hr. One of the six`p retreatment' and three of the twenty\x=req-\ eight`during-treatment' levels of urinary LH were higher than the normal range of 4 to 50 i.u. 2nd IRP-HMG/24 hr. Treated as a whole, the LH levels could be regarded as showing no difference due to treatment with cyproterone acetate but if the patient with the high pretreatment level, who was also suffering from schizophrenia, was removed from the group then the LH levels during treatment showed a significant rise. The mean serum LH was 6\m=.\3mU MRC 69/104 standard/ml with an upper limit of 14\m=.\4mU and the mean serum FSH was 13\m=.\3mi.u. 2nd IRP-HMG/ml with a range of 6 to 33 mi.u. All these results were within the quoted normal ranges. The mechanism of action of cyproterone acetate is discussed, taking into consideration the normal LH and FSH levels, low testosterone levels and inhibition of spermatogenesis and is compared with the actions of oestrogens, androgens,`pure' progestagens and`p ure' anti-androgens on these parameters.

show abstract

A cross-sectional study of plasma FSH and LH levels in women using sequential, combination or injectable steroid contraceptives over long periods of time

Cited by 61 publications

References 19 publications

Plasma levels of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), sex-hormone binding globulin, gonadal steroids, gonadotrophins and prolactin in women during long-term use of depo-MPA (Depo-Provera®) as a contraceptive agent

Plasma levels of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), sex-hormone binding globulin, gonadal steroids, gonadotrophins and prolactin in women during long-term use of depo-MPA (Depo-Provera®) as a contraceptive agent

Influence of Oral Contraceptives on Immediate Postabortal Pituitary‐Ovarian Function

Effect of Oral Cyproterone Acetate on Urinary and Serum FSH and Lh Levels in Adult Males Being Treated for Hypersexuality

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