A cross-sectional study of cutaneous changes in patients with acquired thyroid disorders

Bains, Anupama; Tegta, Geeta Ram; Vedant, Deepak

doi:10.4103/cdr.cdr_2_18

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…The proportion of ophthalmopathy in the present study was 57.4%, which is close to the range of 25-50% reported in the literature (18). One of the highlights of the present study was the presence of pruritus in a significant number of patients (40%), as was reported in a previous study (20), although much higher than the percentage reported in another study (21). Most of our patients responded to antihis-tamines, although they attained complete relief of their symptoms only upon achieving euthyroidism (21).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Clinical Spectrum and Outcome of Patients with Graves’ Disease: A Single-Center Experience from a Tertiary Care Institution in the Kashmir Valley, India

Bhat¹,

Bhat²,

Masoodi³

et al. 2021

Turk J Endocrinol Metab

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Objective: Graves' disease (GD) is a common autoimmune disorder with variable outcomes. We aim to study the clinical manifestations and treatment outcome of GD in the post-iodization scenario. Material and Methods: The present study was designed as a cross-sectional study, in which a total of 180 patients with GD (127 males and 53 females) attending our center were reviewed retrospectively. The demographic data, modes of treatment, comorbidities, remission, and recurrence rates were determined for the patients. All patients were initially treated with anti-thyroid drugs (ATDs), with the subsequent management depending on the course of the disease. Results: The mean (±SD) age at diagnosis was 38.30 (10.73) years and the lag period between the onset of symptoms and the diagnosis was 5.12 (2.69) months, with the male patients having a significantly shorter duration of illness compared to females (4.36 vs. 5.44 months; P=0.015). Majority of the patients presented with the typical symptoms and signs associated with hyperthyroidism and/or goiter, although the atypical presentations were not uncommon. ATDs were the most preferred treatment modality employed to achieve clinical and biochemical remission. The mean duration of achieving euthyroidism and the normalization of TSH levels were 3.31±1.51 and 7.45±3.35 months, respectively. On follow-up at three months, 46.1% of the patients were euthyroid, with normalization of the TSH levels in 15.6% of them. Failure to achieve early remission/disease control was significantly higher in males (p=0.003) and smokers (p=0.036). Among the 72 patients who completed medical therapy, 49 patients achieved remission, of whom 20 patients relapsed with a first-year relapse rate of 20.4%. Disease relapse was significantly associated with higher initial 99 mTechnetium (99 m Tc) uptake (p=0.022) and higher grade of goiter (p=0.026) at presentation. The logistic regression analysis revealed male gender (p=0.048) and orbitopathy (p=0.036) as the independent risk factors predicting relapse of the GD. Conclusion: Graves' disease manifests with varied clinical manifestations, including the atypical ones, warranting careful clinical assessment to ensure an accurate diagnosis. Gender and orbitopathy are the independent risk factors predicting the relapse of the disease.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Clinical Spectrum and Outcome of Patients with Graves’ Disease: A Single-Center Experience from a Tertiary Care Institution in the Kashmir Valley, India

Bhat¹,

Bhat²,

Masoodi³

et al. 2021

Turk J Endocrinol Metab

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“…This coincides with the study by Bains et all who found xerosis i.e., dry skin in 67% of cases. 22 Varying results are observed in different studies. The reasons could be environmental factors, skin types, age, gender and regional differences.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Skin Changes in Newly Diagnosed Cases of Hypothyroidism

Niaz¹,

Shams²,

Meraj³

et al. 2022

JRMC

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Introduction: Thyroid disorders are frequent in our population that leads to variety of cutaneous manifestations. Aim of our study was to determine the frequencies of skin changes of hypothyroidism and their association with gender. Methodology: This observational study was conducted at RIHS Islamabad (Ist Jun to 31st Dec 2019) after ethical approval. 105 patients (>18years age) of both genders. Confirmed to have hypothyroidism on the basis of thyroid function tests were included. Secondary hypothyroidism, sick thyroid disease, pregnant women, receiving thyroxin therapy, carcinoma of thyroid, critically ill cases, post-thyroidectomy and iatrogenic thyroid cases were excluded. After informed consent, demographic details were documented. Patients were clinically evaluated and examined in detail including dermatological examination for cutaneous manifestations. Various skin findings are studies with respect to gender. Data was analysed by SPSS version 21 with Chi-square test as a test of significance, significant p<0.05. Results: Among 105 cases of hypothyroidism (62% females and 38% males, mean age was 38.04+12.61 years. Mean TSH level was found to be 32.08 + 33.96 (mean TSH was 35.31+37.31 in females Vs. 26.96 + 27.19 in males; p=0.001). Common skin findings were dry skin in 69.5%, diffuse hair loss in 58%, coarse skin in 57%, pruritis in 51.4%, madarosis 37%, seborrheic dermatitis 34%, coarse scalp hairs 27% and slow nail growth in 23%. The brittle nails, alopecia areata, chronic urticaria, acanthosis nigricans, ivory yellow skin, purpura ecchymosis, ichthyosis, herpes simplex and certain other findings were found in <20% cases. Obesity was observed in 53(50.5%) cases, Type 2 diabetes in 20(19%), hypertension in 23(21.9%), dyslipidaemia in 12(11.4%) and anaemia in 9(8.6%). Obesity, diabetes, dyslipidaemia had no association with gender (p>0.05). However, hypertension and anaemia were significantly frequent amongst females (p<0.05). The dry, coarse skin, diffuse hair loss and seborrheic dermatitis were associated with female gender (p>0.05). Slow nail growth, brittle nails, acne vulgaris, acrochordons, vitiligo, xanthelasma were more common in males however the difference wasn’t statistically significant. Conclusion: Skin acts as an important diagnostic window to diseases affecting internal organs including thyroid disorders. Authors recommend screening for thyroid functions, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, obesity and anaemia in patients presenting with suggestive dermatological manifestations irrespective of age and gender. KEYWORDS: Hypothyroidism. Thyroid Diseases. Skin Changes. Thyroid Stimulating Hormone. Thyroid Gland.

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Polymorphous Light Eruption and Its Association With Hypothyroidism and Autoimmune Thyroiditis – A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study

David

Menon

2021

Global Journal for Research Analysis

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BACKGROUND In many parts of the world, polymorphous light eruption (PLE) is the commonest cause of photosensitivity. Previous studies have suggested the association of PLE with multiple autoimmune diseases. Few studies are available suggesting the association of PLE with autoimmune thyroiditis. We have undertaken this study to conrm such an association and to predict which cases of PLE are likely to have hypothyroidism and autoimmune thyroiditis. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study with comparative group with 75 PLE cases and 75 controls. Thyroid function test (TFT) was done for all subjects and, if found abnormal, anti-thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibodies were tested. The studied parameters were compared using Pearson's chi-squared test for signicance. RESULTS The male to female ratio was 1:2.1. Hypothyroidism and autoimmune thyroiditis were signicantly present in PLE cases. PLE lesions with papular morphology, persistent and recurrent PLE, positive family history and associated other autoimmune diseases were signicantly associated with autoimmune thyroiditis. CONCLUSION PLE is signicantly associated with hypothyroidism and autoimmune thyroiditis. Hence we suggest screening of PLE patients for hypothyroidism and, if required, for autoimmune thyroiditis for early diagnosis and treatment.

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A cross-sectional study of cutaneous changes in patients with acquired thyroid disorders

Cited by 3 publications

References 1 publication

Clinical Spectrum and Outcome of Patients with Graves’ Disease: A Single-Center Experience from a Tertiary Care Institution in the Kashmir Valley, India

Clinical Spectrum and Outcome of Patients with Graves’ Disease: A Single-Center Experience from a Tertiary Care Institution in the Kashmir Valley, India

Skin Changes in Newly Diagnosed Cases of Hypothyroidism

Polymorphous Light Eruption and Its Association With Hypothyroidism and Autoimmune Thyroiditis – A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study

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