A cross-sectional study examining the prevalence of cachexia and areas of unmet need in patients with cancer

Vagnildhaug, Ola Magne; Balstad, Trude Rakel; Almberg, Sigrun Saur; Brunelli, Cinzia; Knudsen, Anne Kari; Kaasa, Stein; Thronæs, Morten; Laird, Barry; Solheim, Tora Skeidsvoll

doi:10.1007/s00520-017-4022-z

Cited by 52 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 30 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Ethnicity, age, age by days, and primary cancer site, itself, did not significantly predict weight loss. Female patients had consistently significantly lower weight than male patients, and male patients asked more frequently for information about weight loss and nutrition than did their female counterparts . Results also indicated that patients were similar in weights regardless of primary cancer site at the beginning of the observation period; however, the amount of weight loss gradually differed among cancer patients according to interaction between primary cancer sites and days.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…In this study of natural weight loss patterns among patients with GI cancers, unintentional weight loss, or cachexia, was significant. Cancer cachexia varies, based on cancer type, 17,18 site, and stage 17 ; however, it is prevalent in patients with either localized or advanced cancers. 18 In our cohort, weight loss was significantly impacted by days of observation (from the first entry), female gender, cancer stage, and primary cancer site.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Predicting unintentional weight loss in patients with gastrointestinal cancer

Yoon

Kim

Kelly

et al. 2019

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Unintentional weight loss is a major problem for patients with gastrointestinal (GI) cancers because it affects treatment, survival outcomes, and quality of life. To date, little is known about the trajectory of weight loss and the relationship between baseline body mass index (BMI), location of the cancer, and outcomes. The aims of this study were to investigate patterns of weight loss over time in patients with GI cancer according to BMI groups (low, normal, and high) and location of cancer. Methods We examined de‐identified electronic medical record data of 801 adults ( >2 1 years) with GI cancer using ICD‐9 codes (150–159). Descriptive statistics and linear mixed models were used to examine unintentional weight loss over time by BMI group (low, normal, and high) and to determine the effect of primary cancer site and patient characteristics on weight loss. Results The mean age of patients was 66.5 ± 11.9 years (21–95 years), with 58% male and 86% White. Mean weight loss over 3 years was 21.39 kg. At the first observation point, 7.8% were in the low BMI group, 30.1% were in the normal, and 62% were in the high group. At the end of observation, a majority of deaths (35.5%) occurred in the low BMI group (BMI < 20 kg/m 2 ). Significant weight loss was observed in patients with gastric ( t = −5.11, P < 0.001), oesophageal ( t = −4.18, P < 0.001), and pancreatic (35.8%, t = −3.58, P < 0.001) cancers. Predictors of weight change were gender ( F = 64.93, P < 0.001), cancer stage ( F = 7.28, P < 0.001), and site by days ( F = 8.24, P < 0.001). Weight loss rates were similar among the three BMI groups, but patterns were different based on primary cancer type as a function of days within each group. Conclusions Weight loss in patients with GI cancers has implications for survival. Patients with upper GI cancers experienced more weight loss and decreased survival rates compared with patients with lower GI cancers. Patients with a combination of upper GI cancer (oesophagogastric or pancreatic) and low baseline BMI had the fewest survival days and worst patient outcomes. Early intervention for weight management plays a critical role for improving the health outcomes and fatality rates of these patients.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting unintentional weight loss in patients with gastrointestinal cancer

Yoon

Kim

Kelly

et al. 2019

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…(6) Cancer cachexia occurs in up to 80% of patients with advanced malignancies and is a contributing factor to mortality. (7) Chemotherapy drugs are used to combat solid tumors, but many of these drugs have significant side effects that contribute to cachexia. (8) Carboplatin is a platinum-based chemotherapy drug used to treat a variety of cancers in both a neoadjuvant and adjuvant setting (9) by interfering with DNA replication and inducing cell death.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zoledronic Acid Improves Muscle Function in Healthy Mice Treated with Chemotherapy

Hain

Jude

et al. 2019

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Carboplatin is a chemotherapy drug used to treat solid tumors but also causes bone loss and muscle atrophy and weakness. Bone loss contributes to muscle weakness through bone-muscle crosstalk, which is prevented with the bisphosphonate zoledronic acid (ZA). We treated mice with carboplatin in the presence or absence of ZA to assess the impact of bone resorption on muscle. Carboplatin caused loss of body weight, muscle mass, and bone mass, and also led to muscle weakness as early as 7 days after treatment. Mice treated with carboplatin and ZA lost body weight and muscle mass but did not lose bone mass. In addition, muscle function in mice treated with ZA was similar to control animals. We also used the anti-TGFβ antibody (1D11) to prevent carboplatin-induced bone loss and showed similar results to ZA-treated mice. We found that atrogin-1 mRNA expression was increased in muscle from mice treated with carboplatin, which explained muscle atrophy. In mice treated with carboplatin for 1 or 3 days, we did not observe any bone or muscle loss, or muscle weakness. In addition, reduced caloric intake in the carboplatin treated mice did not cause loss of bone or muscle mass, or muscle weakness. Our results show that blocking carboplatin-induced bone resorption is sufficient to prevent skeletal muscle weakness and suggests another benefit to bone therapy beyond bone in patients receiving chemotherapy.n 368 HAIN ET AL. TissueMice were euthanized and the tibialis anterior (TA), soleus, and gastrocnemius were dissected. The extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle was dissected for muscle contractility. Muscles were either snap frozen in liquid nitrogen for biochemical analysis or embedded in optimum cutting temperature (O.C.T., Tissue Tek, Torrance, CA, USA) compound in cryomolds and frozen in liquid nitrogencooled 2-methylbutane (isopentane) for histological analysis. (38) Journal of Bone and Mineral Research ZA IMPROVES MUSCLE FUNCTION IN HEALTHY MICE TREATED WITH CHEMOTHERAPY 369 n 40. Wen Y, Murach KA, Vechetti IJ Jr, et al. MyoVision: software for automated high-content analysis of skeletal muscle immunohistochemistry. J Appl Physiol. 2018;124(1):40-51. 41. Edwards JR, Nyman JS, Lwin ST, et al. Inhibition of TGF-beta signaling by 1D11 antibody treatment increases bone mass and quality in vivo.

show abstract

“…[ 15 ] Based on the most recent consensus definition, the prevalence of cancer cachexia is strongly related to cancer type, being highest in lung cancer (83%), and gastrointestinal cancers (62%) and lowest in hematologic cancers (13%). [ 16 ]…”

Section: Cancer Cachexiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Framework for Quality Improvement of Cancer Cachexia

Granda-Cameron

Lynch

2018

Asia-Pacific Journal of Oncology Nursing

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The objective of this article is to introduce the Clinical Framework for Quality Improvement of Cancer Cachexia (Cachexia Care Framework) as a tool to demonstrate the relevance of integrating the clinical components of cancer cachexia and the organizational strategies of a cancer institution on the quality of patient care and delivery of services throughout the cancer cachexia continuum. The data sources included peer-reviewed literature relevant to cancer cachexia and quality cancer care, and the authors’ expertise. The Cachexia Care Framework results from a combination of the international consensus definition of cancer cachexia, the Institute of Medicine report Ensuring Quality Cancer Care, and the authors’ experience with a cancer cachexia clinic. This framework is proposed as a guidance for oncology nurses and other healthcare providers to improve the quality of care of cancer cachexia patients. Specifically, the framework can be used by oncology nurses involved in the care of patients diagnosed with cancer cachexia either in direct patient care, administration, research, or education. Nurses can use the framework in clinical practice to identify specific assessments and interventions based on the cachexia stage of the patient; in nursing administration, the framework offers a wide view of potential errors that can happen and the opportunity to prevent them; in nursing research, the framework illustrates the several factors and processes that can impact patient outcomes; and in nursing education, the framework outlines the elements necessary to develop and implement a continuum education curriculum to educate the workforce of oncology nurses, and in the academic setting, an interprofessional curriculum to educate nurses and many other healthcare disciplines.

show abstract

A cross-sectional study examining the prevalence of cachexia and areas of unmet need in patients with cancer

Abstract: Cachexia is a prevalent condition, affecting both patients with localized and metastatic cancer. Clinical attention to the condition is a sizeable unmet need.

Cited by 52 publications

References 30 publications

Predicting unintentional weight loss in patients with gastrointestinal cancer

Predicting unintentional weight loss in patients with gastrointestinal cancer

Zoledronic Acid Improves Muscle Function in Healthy Mice Treated with Chemotherapy

Clinical Framework for Quality Improvement of Cancer Cachexia

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About