A Cross-Sectional Evaluation of Correlates of HIV Testing Practices Among Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM) in Mongolia

Yasin, Faiza; Delegchoimbol, Altanchimeg; Jamiyanjamts, Naranchimeg; Sovd, Tugsdelger; Mason, Krystal; Baral, Stefan

doi:10.1007/s10461-013-0412-5

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In addition, MSM who reported using a condom with last casual male partner were more likely to have disclosed information to a healthcare provider. This may indicate that MSM who disclose are receiving appropriate care including counselling on condom use, similar to studies in other contexts which have found disclosure to be associated with HIV protective behaviours [ 59 , 60 ]. Conversely, it may indicate that individuals at the greatest risk for acquiring anal STIs are not comfortable disclosing and therefore are not receiving appropriate care.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Global Action to reduce HIV stigma and discrimination

2013

Journal of the International AIDS Society

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There is no question that the stigma and discrimination associated with HIV and AIDS can be reduced through intervention. The inclusion of stigma and discrimination reduction as a critical component of achieving an AIDS-free generation in recent UNAIDS, UN and PEPFAR political initiatives is promising. Yet national governments need evidence on effective interventions at the individual, community and societal levels in order to strategically incorporate stigma and discrimination reduction into national AIDS plans. Currently, the heterogeneity of stigma and discrimination reduction approaches and measurement makes it challenging to compare and contrast evaluated interventions. Moving forward, it is critical for the research community to: (1) clearly link intervention activities to the domains of stigma to be shifted; (2) assess the stigma domains in a consistent manner; and (3) link stigma and discrimination reduction with HIV prevention, care and treatment outcomes (e.g., uptake, adherence and retention of ART). These steps would further advance the scientific evidence base of stigma and discrimination reduction and allow for the identification of effective interventions that could be scaled up by national governments.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Global Action to reduce HIV stigma and discrimination

2013

Journal of the International AIDS Society

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“…Methods for the quantitative phase of this study have been described in detail elsewhere [ 28 ]. Respondent-driven sampling (RDS) is a peer-based chain recruitment method often used to reach hidden populations where enumerating a sampling frame is infeasible [ 29 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual Violence against Men Who Have Sex with Men and Transgender Women in Mongolia: A Mixed-Methods Study of Scope and Consequences

et al. 2015

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The role of sexual violence in health and human rights-related outcomes, including HIV, is receiving increasing attention globally, yet the prevalence, patterns, and correlates of sexual violence have been little-studied among men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women in low and middle income countries. A mixed-methods study with quantitative and qualitative phases was conducted among MSM and transgender women in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. Methods included respondent-driven sampling (RDS) with structured socio-behavioral surveys (N = 313) as well as qualitative methods including 30 in-depth interviews and 2 focus group discussions. Forced sex in the last three years was reported by 14.7% of respondents (RDS-weighted estimate, 95%CI: 9.4–20.1; crude estimate 16.1%, 49/307) in the quantitative phase. A descriptive typology of common scenarios was constructed based on the specific incidents of sexual violence shared by respondents in the qualitative phase (37 incidents across 28 interviews and 2 focus groups). Eight major types of sexual violence were identified, most frequent of which were bias-motivated street violence and alcohol-involved party-related violence. Many vulnerabilities to and consequences of sexual violence described during the qualitative phase were also independently associated with forced sex, including alcohol use at least once per week (AOR = 3.39, 95% CI:1.69–6.81), and having received payment for sex (AOR = 2.77, 95% CI:1.14–6.75). Building on the promising strategies used in other settings to prevent and respond to sexual violence, similar strengthening of legal and social sector responses may provide much needed support to survivors and prevent future sexual violence.

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“…Perceived or experienced stigma and discrimination due to sexual orientation and concerns about confidentiality in the healthcare setting are structural barriers to accessing HIV services, particularly in settings where male-to-male sexual practices are criminalized [ 8 , 26 – 30 ]. The invisibility of MSM in health surveillance programs and limited funding for targeted, affordable, confidential and MSM-sensitive HIV testing and treatment services in Cameroon may also pose policy-level barriers to the delivery of HIV-related services in a setting of high HIV prevalence [ 5 , 27 , 31 – 35 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlates of prior HIV testing among men who have sex with men in Cameroon: a cross-sectional analysis

et al. 2014

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BackgroundRegular HIV testing is vital for timely linkage to the HIV care continuum and ensuring the success of behavioral and biomedical interventions to prevent HIV acquisition. Men who have sex with men (MSM) are a key population for HIV prevention, treatment, and care efforts globally. This study measures the factors associated with prior HIV testing among MSM in Cameroon.MethodsIn 2011, 272 and 239 MSM aged ≥ 18 were recruited from Douala and Yaoundé respectively using respondent-driven sampling (RDS) for a cross-sectional surveillance study. Participants completed a structured socio-behavioral survey and were offered HIV and syphilis testing and counseling.ResultsThe majority of men self-reported ever testing for HIV (81.6%; 413/506) and receiving their last HIV test result (95.4%; 394/413). Testing in the last 12 months was more prevalent in Douala (63.3%; 169/267) compared to Yaoundé (55.9%; 132/236). Median frequency of testing was every 18 months in Douala and every two years in Yaoundé. In multivariate RDS-weighted analysis, correlates of ever testing for HIV in Douala were: having higher than secondary education compared to having secondary education or less (aOR = 3.51, 95% CI: 1.32-9.34), ever accessing a community-based HIV service for MSM (aOR = 3.37, 95% CI: 1.57-7.24) and having ≥4 male oral or anal sexual partners in the past 12 months (aOR = 2.49, 1.08-5.74). In Yaoundé, having higher than secondary education (aOR = 7.96, 95% CI: 1.31-48.41) was associated with ever testing for HIV.ConclusionsSupporting regular HIV testing and linkage to care is important in a context of high HIV prevalence and limited use of condoms and condom-compatible lubricants. Building the capacity of MSM organizations and mainstream health services to deliver affordable, integrated, confidential, and MSM-sensitive HIV testing may assist in effectively engaging more MSM in the HIV treatment cascade. Giving specific attention to MSM who are younger, of lower socioeconomic status and less connected to community-based MSM organizations may increase HIV testing uptake. Given the levels of HIV testing and high HIV prevalence among MSM in Cameroon, optimizing the safe and effective provision and uptake of antiretroviral-based prevention and treatment approaches is paramount in changing the trajectory of the HIV epidemic among these men and within their sexual networks.

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A Cross-Sectional Evaluation of Correlates of HIV Testing Practices Among Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM) in Mongolia

Cited by 15 publications

References 28 publications

Global Action to reduce HIV stigma and discrimination

Global Action to reduce HIV stigma and discrimination

Sexual Violence against Men Who Have Sex with Men and Transgender Women in Mongolia: A Mixed-Methods Study of Scope and Consequences

Correlates of prior HIV testing among men who have sex with men in Cameroon: a cross-sectional analysis

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