A cross-sectional analysis of prevalence and factors related to depression, anxiety, and stress in health care workers amidst the COVID-19 pandemic

Sharma, Ridhima; Saxena, Anand; Magoon, Rohan; Jain, Mukul

doi:10.4103/ija.ija_987_20

Cited by 28 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Studies from across the world during the first wave of the COVID-pandemic reported varying degrees of psychological impairment in HCWs ranging from mild behavioural changes and lower perceived health to more serious issues like health risk behaviour and frank mental health disorders (depression, anxiety and stress). 1,[3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] Prevalence rates of these symptoms ranged from values of less than 10% to values as high as 50% or more. 4,7,8,19,20 A meta-analysis of 13 studies with a total of 33,062 HCWs reported pooled prevalence rates of 23.2%, 22.8% and 38.9% for anxiety, depression and insomnia respectively.…”

Section: Psychological Effects Of the First Covid-19 Wave On Hcwsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9 Other studies on smaller cohorts of Indian HCWs reported relatively high prevalence rates of depression, anxiety and stress and identified various factors correlating with psychological outcomes. 4,7,8…”

Section: Psychological Effects Of the First Covid-19 Wave On Hcwsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In another Indian study, clinical HCWs were noted to have significantly higher prevalence rates of depression, stress and anxiety than the administrative staff. 8 Such variances of mental health problems across various categories of HCWs are attributed to differences in work profiles, risk of contracting COVID-19 and the degree of familial dysfunction. 8,35…”

Section: Variations In Psychological Outcomes Across Different Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mean anxiety scores were, however, significantly higher in doctors and nursesa finding that was borne out in previous studies. 6,8,19 Higher anxiety levels in the clinical HCWs could be attributed to them being more aware of the highly evolving nature of the COVID-19 infection, with its increasing number of variants, changing infectivity rates and myriad clinical presentations, all resulting in a sense of uncertainty and fear of the unknown.…”

Section: Key Findings and Implications Of Our Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 In India, the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic proved to be deleterious to the psychological status of HCWs, with multiple studies across the country documenting varying degrees of acute stress reactions, depression, anxiety and burnout. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9] Towards the end of 2020, statistical projections predicted India to be one of the rare countries that would experience only a single wave of the pandemic. A nationwide growing sense of false optimism was however, truncated soon after with the onset of a deadly, second wave of the pandemic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Psychological impact of the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic on non-frontline healthcare workers: results of a cross-sectional study in a tertiary care hospital in India

Thakar

Singh

Dalton

et al. 2021

Int J Community Med Public Health

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Background: The first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic affected millions of people physically and many more psychologically. Health care workers (HCWs) are amongst those bearing the brunt of the pandemic-induced psychological trauma. This study was one of the first to analyze the psychological effects of the second pandemic wave in India on non-frontline HCWs, a group that has not received much consideration so far.Methods: A cross-sectional survey-based study was performed on a COHORT of 139 HCWs involved in non-covid services during the early phase of the second pandemic wave. In addition to information on demographics and other baseline characteristics, the survey included questions from the depression, anxiety, and stress scale-21 items (DASS-21).Results: The prevalence rates of depression, anxiety and stress in the COHORT were 14.33%, 15.82% and 12.23% respectively. Clinical HCWs had higher mean anxiety scores than the non-clinical group (p=0.01), while the depression and stress scores were similar across all groups (p=0.23 and 0.21, respectively). Multivariate analysis demonstrated correlation of multiple factors with the DASS-21 scores, of which covid positivity and a longer time spent on covid-related information correlated well with all the DASS-21 scale scores (p<0.05).Conclusions: This study demonstrates reasonable prevalence rates of depression, stress and anxiety amongst non-frontline HCWs in the setting of the second covid wave in India. Clinical HCWs seem to be more prone to pandemic-induced anxiety during this wave. There is an urgent need for promoting psychological coping strategies amongst all classes of HCWs.

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Section: Psychological Effects Of the First Covid-19 Wave On Hcwsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Psychological Effects Of the First Covid-19 Wave On Hcwsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Variations In Psychological Outcomes Across Different Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Key Findings and Implications Of Our Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Psychological impact of the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic on non-frontline healthcare workers: results of a cross-sectional study in a tertiary care hospital in India

Thakar

Singh

Dalton

et al. 2021

Int J Community Med Public Health

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Physical relaxation for occupational stress in healthcare workers: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Zhang

Murphy

Cabanilla

et al. 2021

Journal of Occupational Health

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Objectives Work related stress is a major occupational health problem that is associated with adverse effects on physical and mental health. Healthcare workers are particularly vulnerable in the era of COVID‐19. Physical methods of stress relief such as yoga and massage therapy may reduce occupational stress. The objective of this systematic review and network meta‐analysis is to determine the effects of yoga, massage therapy, progressive muscle relaxation, and stretching on alleviating stress and improving physical and mental health in healthcare workers. Methods Databases were searched for randomized controlled trials on the use of physical relaxation methods for occupational stress in healthcare workers with any duration of follow‐up. Meta‐analysis was performed for standard mean differences in stress measures from baseline between subjects undergoing relaxation vs non‐intervention controls. Network meta‐analysis was conducted to determine the best relaxation method. Results Fifteen trials representing 688 healthcare workers were identified. Random‐effects meta‐analysis shows that physical relaxation methods overall reduced measures of occupational stress at the longest duration of follow‐up vs baseline compared to non‐intervention controls (SMD −0.53; 95% CI [−0.74 to −0.33]; p < .00001). On network meta‐analysis, only yoga alone (SMD −0.71; 95% CI [−1.01 to −0.41]) and massage therapy alone (SMD −0.43; 95% CI [−0.72 to −0.14]) were more effective than control, with yoga identified as the best method ( p ‐score = .89). Conclusion Physical relaxation may help reduce occupational stress in healthcare workers. Yoga is particularly effective and offers the convenience of online delivery. Employers should consider implementing these methods into workplace wellness programs.

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Depression and anxiety associated with COVID- 19 pandemic among healthcare professionals in India- A systematic review and meta-analysis

Abdulla¹,

Velladath²,

Varghese³

et al. 2021

Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health

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A cross-sectional analysis of prevalence and factors related to depression, anxiety, and stress in health care workers amidst the COVID-19 pandemic

Cited by 28 publications

References 12 publications

Psychological impact of the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic on non-frontline healthcare workers: results of a cross-sectional study in a tertiary care hospital in India

Psychological impact of the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic on non-frontline healthcare workers: results of a cross-sectional study in a tertiary care hospital in India

Physical relaxation for occupational stress in healthcare workers: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Depression and anxiety associated with COVID- 19 pandemic among healthcare professionals in India- A systematic review and meta-analysis

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