A Cross‐Linkable Donor Polymer as the Underlying Layer to Tune the Active Layer Morphology of Polymer Solar Cells

Meng, Bin; Wang, Zaiyu; Ma, Wei; Xie, Zhiyuan; Liu, Jun; Wang, Lixiang

doi:10.1002/adfm.201503833

Cited by 43 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…[ 52 ] Additionally, the apparently lower surface energy with PTB7-TV is also found to result in the improved vertical compositional profi le of the BHJ layer comprising of PTB7:PC 71 BM. [ 20 ] Thus, it seems reasonable to surmise that in our current case, the comparable surface energy of the PFN-V and PC 71 BM along with the excellent wetting property may also lead to a favorable vertical phase separation in photoactive layer, in which the bottom side is more likely PC 71 BM-rich. To prove this assumption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements are used to evaluate the vertical composition of the BHJ layer consisting of PTB7-Th:PC 71 BM blends.…”

Section: Interfacial Modifi Cation Of Crosslinked Pfn-v Layermentioning

confidence: 88%

“…[ 17 ] An effective approach to achieve robust interfacial layer is the utilization of crosslinkable materials, which has advanced solvent-resisting property and can prevent the potential erosion during sequential spin-coating procedure. [18][19][20] In this respect, a range of crosslinkable conjugated polymers have been developed as promising candidates for interfacial modifi cation. Conventional approaches to prepare crosslinkable conjugated polymers are chemically tethering functional groups such as oxetane groups, [ 21 ] alkyl-bromide, [ 22 ] azide, [ 23 ] and vinyl, [ 24 ] into the polymer chains.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Crosslinkable Amino‐Functionalized Conjugated Polymer as Cathode Interlayer for Efficient Inverted Polymer Solar Cells

Wang

Lin

Zhang

et al. 2016

Advanced Energy Materials

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the optoelectronic properties, there are several requirements for interfacial materials, such as the formation of Ohmic contact between electrode and photoactive layer, [ 13 ] the appropriated surface energy of fi lm that can induce favorable phase segregation of bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) fi lms, [ 14,15 ] as well as the long-term chemical and physical stability. [ 8,16 ] Given that the fabrication of multilayer devices based on solution-processing techniques may suffer from interfacial erosion issue, the interlayers are required to be robust enough to tolerate the deposition solvents. [ 17 ] An effective approach to achieve robust interfacial layer is the utilization of crosslinkable materials, which has advanced solvent-resisting property and can prevent the potential erosion during sequential spin-coating procedure. [18][19][20] In this respect, a range of crosslinkable conjugated polymers have been developed as promising candidates for interfacial modifi cation. Conventional approaches to prepare crosslinkable conjugated polymers are chemically tethering functional groups such as oxetane groups, [ 21 ] alkyl-bromide, [ 22 ] azide, [ 23 ] and vinyl, [ 24 ] into the polymer chains. Based on these copolymers, crosslinked fi lms can be achieved through the crosslinking reactions triggered by either thermal or ultraviolet light. [ 25 ] However, the crosslinking reactions of functional groups typically require initiators, which may potentially decrease the device life-time. Although in some cases the initiators are not necessary, they need relative long time to attain a well crosslinked fi lm, which is unfavorable for the applications toward high-throughput R2R techniques. Thus, it is of vital importance to develop highly effi cient crosslinking strategy that can be accomplished under low activation energy, which bearing a fast reaction rate of the functional groups to reduce possible decomposition of the conjugated polymers during the crosslinking process.Click chemistry has been extensively investigated due to its advantages of highly selective, mild reaction conditions, easy purifi cation, and can give a wide range of molecular systems with high yields. [ 26,27 ] It is well-established that the "click" reaction of thiols and enes groups is very effi cient and can be fi nished within tens of seconds, [ 28,29 ] and most importantly, the reaction can be easily triggered by directly exciting thiol-groups upon the absorption of a photon of UV-light. [29][30][31]

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Section: Interfacial Modifi Cation Of Crosslinked Pfn-v Layermentioning

confidence: 88%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Crosslinkable Amino‐Functionalized Conjugated Polymer as Cathode Interlayer for Efficient Inverted Polymer Solar Cells

Wang

Lin

Zhang

et al. 2016

Advanced Energy Materials

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“…[110] Zhou and co-workers investigated the use of TPDSi 2 as a hole-transporting material for solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells, in which the covalently crosslinked TPDSi 2 film can afford a rigid, thermally stable hole-transporting layer. [115] Moreover, the inserted crosslinked polymer film can also act as an electron blocking layer, preventing the nongeminate recombination at the AIL/active layer interface. [111] Sun and co-workers designed and prepared a series of crosslinkable hole-transporting materials (HTMs) by combining triphenylamine with indacenodithiophene, bithiophene, and thiophene units for bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells.…”

Section: Crosslinked Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Crosslinked polymers can be incorporated at the interfaces between a photoactive layer and PEDOT:PSS interlayer to change the surficial properties of the AILs from hydrophilic to hydrophobic . The robust crosslinked polymers covered on PEDOT:PSS films can induce the vertical composition distribution of donor:acceptor in the BHJ active layer, which facilitates the charge transport and charge collection by the electrodes . Moreover, the inserted crosslinked polymer film can also act as an electron blocking layer, preventing the nongeminate recombination at the AIL/active layer interface .…”

Section: Solution Processable Conjugated Polymers As Ail Materials Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solution‐Processable Conjugated Polymers as Anode Interfacial Layer Materials for Organic Solar Cells

Hou

2018

Advanced Energy Materials

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With appropriate charge transport layers, one can rationally engineer the driving force, which generally refers to the built-in electric field in devices, so that electrons and holes can be effectively extracted to their respective electrodes, and thereby maximize the efficiency of OSCs. [4] There are two main types of charge transport materials that are commonly used in OSCs: anode interfacial layer (AIL) materials for hole collection and electron transport layer (ETL) materials for electron collection. However, at present, the development of AIL materials is comparatively lagging, as compared to ETL materials. For ETL materials, many materials, such as low-work-function metal, [5] small-molecule organic compounds, [6] nonconjugated and conjugated polymers, [7] and transition metal oxides (TMO), [8] have been proven effective in improving the electron collection efficiency in OSCs. In sharp contrast, only a few materials, such as poly(3,4ethylenedioxythiophene): (styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) [9] and MoO 3 , [10] have been extensively used as AILs in OSCs. Generally, the AIL serves two functions: 1) Improving the selectivity and efficiency of hole transport and collection. First, by using AILs, the work function (W F ) of the anode can be effectively enhanced, which helps to construct a built-in electric field in the device with the combination of a low-W F cathode. The built-in electric field provides the fundamental driving force that transfers holes to the anode, where the holes are subsequently collected (Figure 1a). [11] Second, with the modification of the AILs, the W F of the anode can be enhanced to be higher than the positive integer charge-transfer state (E ICT + ) of the donor, in which case the Fermi-level pinning to the E ICT + level occurs to reduce the hole collection barrier at the anode interface (Figure 1b). [12] Third, AILs should effectively block the electrons, reducing the charge recombination at the interface. [13] 2) Improving the physical contact between the anodes and the active layers. With the modification of AILs, the hydrophilic surface of anodes can be changed, which enhances the wettability and film quality of the active layers deposited on the anode surfaces. Moreover, the anode surface can be smoothed by an AIL to passivate surface defects and pinholes, which decreases the leakage current of the OSC devices. To efficiently realize the above functions, AIL materials should possess several characteristics, including a high W F value, exceptional optical transparency, excellent hole In recent years, solution-processed conjugated polymers have been extensively used as anode interfacial layer (AIL) materials in organic solar cells (OSCs) due to their excellent film-forming property and low-temperature processing advantages. In this review, the authors focus on the recent advances in conjugated polymers as AIL materials in OSCs. Several of the main classes of solution-processable conjugated polymers, including poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):(styrenesulfonate), polyaniline, polyt...

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“…[22][23][24][25] A favorable active layer morphology, besides being compositionally graded in vertical direction for charge collection and having favorable molecular orientation for charge transport, should possess a continuous network of nanodomains of semiconducting materials for efficient exciton dissociation and charge transport. [26][27][28][29][30] We herein report our structural engineering strategy to enhance the thermal stability of active layer morphology, thereby helping preserve and sustain photovoltaic performance of fullerene-based BHJ-OSCs under greatly exaggerated thermal exposure. Our strategy involves "freezing" of donor polymer matrix through charge transfer (CT) interactions with an appropriate electron-deficient compound such as 9fluorenylidene malononitrile derivative, leading to formation of a presumably three-dimensional (3D) "mesh-like" donor polymer matrix network in the active layer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Boosting the photovoltaic thermal stability of fullerene bulk heterojunction solar cells through charge transfer interactions

Cao

et al. 2017

J. Mater. Chem. A

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A Cross‐Linkable Donor Polymer as the Underlying Layer to Tune the Active Layer Morphology of Polymer Solar Cells

Cited by 43 publications

References 71 publications

Crosslinkable Amino‐Functionalized Conjugated Polymer as Cathode Interlayer for Efficient Inverted Polymer Solar Cells

Crosslinkable Amino‐Functionalized Conjugated Polymer as Cathode Interlayer for Efficient Inverted Polymer Solar Cells

Solution‐Processable Conjugated Polymers as Anode Interfacial Layer Materials for Organic Solar Cells

Boosting the photovoltaic thermal stability of fullerene bulk heterojunction solar cells through charge transfer interactions

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