A cross-layer analytical model for optimization of performance in wireless sensor networks

Abstract

Objectives:To develop an analytical model to improve Qos in WSN. Method: Cross-layer protocol architecture is developed to improve energy consumption, delay, and packet delivery in a wireless sensor network. The Routing protocol to Cross layer Communication (RPTC) protocol was used for routing the packets through cross-layer interactions which helped to improve the QoS analytical results for common collector points (CCP) node selection, routing policies, and energy optimization. In the earlier study, a random routing policy was in place which did not take into account any proper mechanisms. Here, we define a policy for routing that takes into consideration Extended TDMA energy conservation techniques by choosing the shortest path with extended coverage. This will eliminate collisions, idle listening times, and entering inactive states until their allocated time slots. The extended TDMA helps reduce packet delays and guarantees reliable communication. The extension allows nodes with the largest one-hop neighbor to select multiple timeslots for themselves, which are scheduled in the MAC layer. We compared our analytical model based on delay, power consumption, and energy consumed in relation to simulation time. Findings: We found that the cross-layer analytical model achieves 20% less delay, power, and 30% less energy consumption when compared to existing cross-layer protocols such as the Hybrid Energy-Efficient Distributed Protocol (HEED), Co-ordinate Test Optimized Protocol (CTP), and Tree Cluster-Based Data Gathering Algorithm (TCBDGA). Novelty: WSNs need to be optimized across several protocol levels in order to achieve good interactions. QoS parameters are explored for this purpose and a cross-layer protocol called RPTC is analyzed using design parameters and resource levels based on the Poisson variate model (PVM). This helps improve network lifetime.