A Cross—cultural/cross national Study of Influencing Factors and Socially Desirable Response Biases

Keillor, Bruce D.; Owens, Deborah; Pettijohn, Charles E.

doi:10.1177/147078530104300101

Cited by 59 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Besides, the higher Lie score for Chinese subjects may be attributed to some characteristics of Chinese culture, such as implicitness and discouragement to express emotions. Moreover, because East Asian people are more concerned about their own performance in front of other people and judgment by other people, they may have higher social desirability than Western people [Keillor et al, 2001;Middleton and Jones, 2000].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shame, personality, and social anxiety symptoms in Chinese and American nonclinical samples: a cross-cultural study

et al. 2008

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Shame has been observed to play an important role in social anxiety in China [Xu, 1982]. Shame and personality factors, such as neuroticism and introversion-extraversion, are also related to social anxiety symptoms in Chinese college students [Li et al., 2003]. The aim of this study was to explore cross-cultural differences of the effects of shame and personality on social anxiety using the Experience Scale of Shame, the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised Short Scale and Social Anxiety Inventory. Data were collected from both a Chinese sample (n=211, 66 males and 145 females, average ages 20.12+/-1.56 years) and an American sample (n=211, 66 males and 145 females, average ages 20.22+/-1.90 years) of college students. The structural equation modeling (SEM) was performed separately for the Chinese and American samples. The SEM results reveal a shame-mediating model, which is adaptive and only in the Chinese sample. This suggests that shame is a mediator between the Chinese personality and social anxiety. The shame factor did not play the same role in the American sample. This empirical study supports the hypothesis that shame has a more important effect on social anxiety in the Chinese culture compared to its effect on Americans.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shame, personality, and social anxiety symptoms in Chinese and American nonclinical samples: a cross-cultural study

et al. 2008

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“…As noted earlier, mean scores on these socially desirable responding measures have also been found to vary across nations and across ethnic and racial groups within nations (Johnson & van de Vijver, 2003;Keillor et al, 2001;Lalwani et al, 2006), and more recent research is beginning to identify the underlying cultural orientations and values that may account for these diff erences. Middleton and Jones (2000), for example, have suggested that variability across each of Hofstede's (2001) cultural dimensions may underlie higher impression management scores for East Asian compared to North American survey respondents.…”

Section: Social Desirabilitymentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Recognized for years as a problem in achievement testing (Flaugher, 1978;Hambleton, Merenda, & Spielberger, 2005;Williams, 1977), the uncritical adoption of measures developed within one cultural context for use with persons of diff ering cultural backgrounds may misrepresent the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of those individuals, leading to erroneous conclusions Marin & Marin, 1989;Rogler, 1989). Similarly, culture-based variations in perceptions of social desirability and concerns about social presentation may also be mistaken for substantive group diff erences, or mask real diff erences (Johnson & van de Vijver, 2003;Keillor, Owens, & Pettijohn, 2001;Middleton & Jones, 2000). Communication norms are also infl uenced by culture (Gudykunst & Kim, 1992;Kochman, 1981) and may contribute to diff erences in response patterns to survey questionnaires and interviews that refl ect cultural, as well as substantive, concerns.…”

Section: Measurement and Methodology: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-Cultural Consumer Psychology

Shavitt¹,

Lee²,

Johnson³

Handbook of Consumer Psychology

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OVERVIEWEvery year, multinational companies spend billions of dollars in marketing their products around the world. Some of this money is wasted or, worse, actually damages the marketer's reputation through cultural or linguistic faux pas (e.g., Ricks, 1983). As new global markets emerge, and existing markets become increasingly segmented along ethnic or subcultural lines, the need to market eff ectively to consumers who have diff erent cultural values has never been more acute. Th us, it is no surprise that in the last ten to 15 to 20 years, culture has rapidly emerged as a central focus of research in consumer psychology. What is Culture?Culture is a crucial concept for the understanding of consumer behavior because it is the lens through which people view marketing messages and products. Culture consists of shared elements that provide the standards for perceiving, believing, evaluating, communicating, and acting among those who share a language, a historical period, and a geographic location. As a psychological construct, culture can be studied in multiple ways-across nations, across ethnic groups within nations, across individuals within nations (focusing on cultural orientation), and even within individuals through the priming of cultural values. As will be discussed presently, regardless of how culture is studied, cultural distinctions have been demonstrated to have important implications for advertising content, persuasiveness of appeals, consumer motivation, consumer judgment processes, and consumer response styles. Chapter Organization and ScopeIn this chapter, numerous studies on these topics are reviewed and discussed. Because reviewing the rapidly growing area of cross-cultural psychology could fi ll several handbook chapters, we are by necessity selective in our coverage. We focus more heavily on fi ndings specifi c to the consumer domain rather than a more general review of cultural diff erences. Th e content is organized around both the theoretical and the methodological implications of cultural diff erences in consumer judgments. Th e individualism/collectivism cultural construct and independent/interdependent selfconstrual construct are given special attention because extensive research has demonstrated the implications of these variables for outcomes relevant to consumer behavior. Because the study of culture requires the cross-cultural equivalence of measurement, the second half of this chapter addresses in detail specifi c measurement issues and culturally based response biases likely to be of interest to consumer psychologists. We close with a review of issues and methods for addressing measurement equivalence and cultural variability in response styles. CULTURAL VARIATION: STRUCTURAL ISSUES What Are the Key Cultural Constructs or Dimensions?Th e constructs of individualism and collectivism represent the most broadly used dimensions of cultural variability for cross-cultural comparison (Gudykunst & Ting-Toomey, 1988). In individualistic (IND) cultures, people tend to prefer independent rel...

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“…The need to feel socially accepted regularly distorts market research data. Keillor, Owens and Pettijohn (2001) can show that these distortions are due to intercultural differences. In Western cultures it is easy to find a market for products that give the consumer a feeling of being unique or of owning something that is unusual (e.g., Lynn and Harris 1997).…”

Section: -The Goal Of An Action Is Not Individual Satisfaction But Comentioning

confidence: 95%

1.3 Intercultural Marketing

Felser¹

2010

Handbook of Intercultural Communication and Cooperation

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A Cross—cultural/cross national Study of Influencing Factors and Socially Desirable Response Biases

Cited by 59 publications

References 36 publications

Shame, personality, and social anxiety symptoms in Chinese and American nonclinical samples: a cross-cultural study

Shame, personality, and social anxiety symptoms in Chinese and American nonclinical samples: a cross-cultural study

Cross-Cultural Consumer Psychology

1.3 Intercultural Marketing

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