A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Autistic Traits in the UK, India and Malaysia

Freeth, Megan; Sheppard, Elizabeth; Ramachandran, Rajani; Milne, Elizabeth

doi:10.1007/s10803-013-1808-9

Cited by 88 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Wakabayashi et al (2006) noticed that their Japanese population of students tended to score higher on the AQ than students in the UK normative sample (Baron-Cohen et al, 2001). Similarly, English-speaking students in Malaysia and India attained higher AQ scores than UK students (Freeth et al, 2013). Such findings are compatible with the idea that some behaviours measured by the AQ that are symptomatic of autistic traits in the United Kingdom signify something different in Japan, India and Malaysia.…”

Section: Autism 18(1)supporting

confidence: 81%

Investigating the cross-cultural validity of DSM-5 autism spectrum disorder: Evidence from Finnish and UK samples

Mandy¹,

Charman

Puura

et al. 2013

Autism

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The recent Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders–Fifth Edition (DSM-5) reformulation of autism spectrum disorder has received empirical support from North American and UK samples. Autism spectrum disorder is an increasingly global diagnosis, and research is needed to discover how well it generalises beyond North America and the United Kingdom. We tested the applicability of the DSM-5 model to a sample of Finnish young people with autism spectrum disorder (n = 130) or the broader autism phenotype (n = 110). Confirmatory factor analysis tested the DSM-5 model in Finland and compared the fit of this model between Finnish and UK participants (autism spectrum disorder, n = 488; broader autism phenotype, n = 220). In both countries, autistic symptoms were measured using the Developmental, Diagnostic and Dimensional Interview. Replicating findings from English-speaking samples, the DSM-5 model fitted well in Finnish autism spectrum disorder participants, outperforming a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders–Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) model. The DSM-5 model fitted equally well in Finnish and UK autism spectrum disorder samples. Among broader autism phenotype participants, this model fitted well in the United Kingdom but poorly in Finland, suggesting that cross-cultural variability may be greatest for milder autistic characteristics. We encourage researchers with data from other cultures to emulate our methodological approach, to map any cultural variability in the manifestation of autism spectrum disorder and the broader autism phenotype. This would be especially valuable given the ongoing revision of the International Classification of Diseases–11th Edition, the most global of the diagnostic manuals.

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Section: Autism 18(1)supporting

confidence: 81%

Investigating the cross-cultural validity of DSM-5 autism spectrum disorder: Evidence from Finnish and UK samples

Mandy¹,

Charman

Puura

et al. 2013

Autism

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Thus, it is possible that maximizing unfamiliarity in our sample came at some cost to representativeness. Relatedly, given that endorsement of BAP features can vary based upon cultural norms (Freeth et al, 2013), the reporting of BAP traits by the ethnically diverse sample in this study may differ relative to the predominantly Caucasian samples often found in previous BAPQ studies (Sasson et al, 2013a). We also did not collect data on socioeconomic status, which potentially could impact the quality of roommate relationships.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

The broad autism phenotype predicts relationship outcomes in newly formed college roommates

Faso

Corretti

Ackerman

et al. 2015

Autism

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Although previous studies have reported that the broad autism phenotype is associated with reduced relationship quality within established relationships, understanding how this association emerges requires assessment prior to relationship development. In the present longitudinal study, college roommates with minimal familiarity prior to cohabitation (N = 162) completed the broad autism phenotype questionnaire and intermittently reported on their relationship quality and interpersonal behaviors toward their roommate over their first 10 weeks of living together. Actor-Partner Interdependence Models demonstrated that roommates mismatched on aloofness (one high and one low) had lower relationship satisfaction than those matched on it, with the interpersonal behavior of warmth mediating this association. Because relationship satisfaction remained high when both roommates were aloof, satisfaction does not appear predicated upon the presence of aloofness generally but rather reflects a product of dissimilarity in aloof profiles between roommates. In contrast, although participants reported less relationship satisfaction and commitment with roommates higher on pragmatic language abnormalities, mismatches on this broad autism phenotype trait, and on rigid personality, were less consequential. In sum, these findings suggest that complementary profiles of social motivation may facilitate relationship quality during the early course of relationship development.

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“…This finding closely matches those of two previous factor analyses of the AQ in smaller adult nonclinical samples (Austin 2005;Hurst et al 2007). Other researchers, however, have reported 2, 4, or 5 factors (Stewart and Austin 2009;Hoekstra et al 2008;Kloosterman et al 2011 Freeth et al 2013b). The three-factor solution provides empirical support for three item subsets in the AQ: one subset resembling the existing Attention to Detail subscale, and two other subsets characterised, respectively, by 'sociability' and 'mentalising' items drawn from the three traditional social subscales.…”

Section: Gap Statisticmentioning

confidence: 94%

‘Subtypes’ in the Presentation of Autistic Traits in the General Adult Population

Palmer

Paton

Enticott

et al. 2014

J Autism Dev Disord

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The present study examined the presentation of autistic traits in a large adult population sample (n = 2,343). Cluster analysis indicated two subgroups with clearly distinguishable trait profiles. One group (n = 1,059) reported greater social difficulties and lower detail orientation, while the second group (n = 1,284) reported lesser social difficulties and greater detail orientation. We also report a three-factor solution for the autism-spectrum quotient, with two, related, social-themed factors (Sociability and Mentalising) and a third non-social factor that varied independently (Detail Orientation). These results indicate that different profiles of autistic characteristics tend to occur in the adult nonclinical population. Research into nonclinical variance in autistic features may benefit by considering social- and detail-related trait domains independently.

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A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Autistic Traits in the UK, India and Malaysia

Cited by 88 publications

References 55 publications

Investigating the cross-cultural validity of DSM-5 autism spectrum disorder: Evidence from Finnish and UK samples

Investigating the cross-cultural validity of DSM-5 autism spectrum disorder: Evidence from Finnish and UK samples

The broad autism phenotype predicts relationship outcomes in newly formed college roommates

‘Subtypes’ in the Presentation of Autistic Traits in the General Adult Population

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