A critique of techniques for modelling normal-fault and rollover geometries

Hauge, Thomas A.; Gray, Gary G.

doi:10.1144/gsl.sp.1996.099.01.08

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…For a long time, most of these studies have been focused on the influence of the fault-plane shape and have modelled the hangingwall deformation using mostly brittle materials (e.g., Ellis and McClay, 1988;Hardy, 2011;Hauge and Gray, 1996;McClay, 1990;McClay and Ellis, 1987a;Patton, 2005;Schultz-Ela, 2003;White et al, 1986;Withjack and Schlische, 2006;Withjack et al, 1995;Xiao and Suppe, 1992) ( Fig. 1A and 1B).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of salt layers in the hangingwall deformation of kinked-planar extensional faults: Insights from 3D analogue models and comparison with the Parentis Basin

Ferrer¹,

Roca²,

Vendeville³

2014

Tectonophysics

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of salt layers in the hangingwall deformation of kinked-planar extensional faults: Insights from 3D analogue models and comparison with the Parentis Basin

Ferrer¹,

Roca²,

Vendeville³

2014

Tectonophysics

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“…These faults are usually not planar, two-dimensional structures (as they are often represented), but are made up of a fault damage zone of a certain width, a zone of high fracturing around the main plane of movement. Secondly, due to the movement of the hanging wall block along the fault, the hanging wall block usually needs to change shape and deform internally (Hauge & Gray 1996). Well-known examples are the roll-over anticlines above listric normal faults.…”

Section: Modelling Tectonic Fracturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During this movement, the hanging wall block deforms internally (Dula 1991). The internal deformation in the fault block is simulated by a numerical algorithm that mimics the deformation of the rocks in a geometrical way with preservation of volume (Hauge & Gray 1996;Kane et al 1997). When the restoration is successful, the hanging wall's movement is reversed to forward model the deformation history from the undeformed (restored) state to the deformed (present-day) situation.…”

Section: Hanging Wall Deformationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling fracture systems in extensional crystalline basement

Sanders

Fullarton

Calvert

2003

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Using observations from the extensional basin setting in Vietnam, conceptual models were developed to simulate and analyse fracture systems typical of crystalline basement in such structural settings. Information from field observations, seismic surveys and three-dimensional (3-D) structural modelling were integrated and used to build geologically realistic 3-D fracture networks. A major advantage of the method used in this study is that it allows a better understanding of the apparently chaotic fracture networks characteristic of such rocks, and of the processes responsible for fracturing. Several fracture generating processes are discussed and modelled, with emphasis on tectonic fractures and the relation to structural modelling. An example is presented highlighting the differences in fracturing in the hanging wall and footwall during lithospheric extension superimposed on a primary (igneous) cooling fracture network. Results suggest that during flexural uplift, the hanging wall is significantly more deformed than the footwall, implying the former is more prone to fracturing than the footwall for both kinematic and flexural isostatic processes.Fractured basement has proved to be a successful petroleum play in the extensional offshore setting of SW Vietnam ( Fig. 1 and Areshev et al. 1992).The unconventional nature of this play demands different exploration and production strategies compared with sedimentary plays. Typically a comprehensive exploration strategy is ill defined. Cartoon style concepts have been defined (e.g. Areshev et al. 1992;Tandom et al. 1997), but few attempts have been made to link the concepts in a quantitative way to the available data, and to test these concepts in a predictive manner.The structurally high horst blocks form the usual target (Fig. 2). The seal on the fractured reservoir is formed by shale deposits overlying the basement. The basement is most probably charged with hydrocarbons from the side and above from the earliest clastic lacustrine deposits (Sladen 1997). The presence of an extensive connected fracture network in the basement then defines whether a fault block is a potential viable prospect.In this paper we reassess some of the structural concepts that define the petroleum play. Modern methods of appraising fractured reservoirs rely on a number of data sets including those from cores, FMI, wireline, video and field observations. More often than not, the prediction of regional fracture networks requires a full understanding of these diverse data sets. Here we present a novel technique that incorporates all available data into a comprehensive model describing the range of fracture systems found in extensional settings in crystalline rocks. In the absence of primary porosity and permeability, the basement reservoir potential is entirely defined by fractures forming the secondary porosity and permeability. Fracture appraisal is therefore of prime importance for the successful development of these fields. Three basic questions arise from this, namely: (1) where are the frac...

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“…X', Y', and Z' are the passive axial fold surfaces: They are locked to the hanging wall and transported with it during extension. Dula (1991), and Haugue & Gray (1996). The effect of compaction on final shear orientation (Davison 1987;Xiao & Suppe 1989;Kerr & White 1992) is not taken into account here, because in the Matelles case, the thickness of the synrift Oligocene sediments is small (<500 m) and most of the hanging wall is constituted by already compacted Jurassic and Valanginian prerift series.…”

Section: Conceptual Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction between faulting, drainage and sedimentation in extensional hanging-wall syncline basins: example of the Oligocene Matelles basin (Gulf of Lion rifted margin, SE France)

Benedicto

Séguret

Labaume

1999

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A tectono-sedimentary model for hanging-wall syncline basins emphasizing the role of erosion in the basin architecture is proposed, based on the well-exposed Matelles basin. Detailed geological mapping is the base for the analysis of the extensional double ramp-flat Matelles fault system, hanging-wall deformation and relationships between faulting/drainage/sedimentation. Displacement of the hanging-wall above the fault resulted in the formation of (a) upper and lower rollovers associated with the upper and lower rampflat couples, (b) a hanging-wall ramp syncline above the lower ramp and (c) a half graben associated with the emergent ramp and upper flat couple. Only the hanging-wall ramp syncline and the lower rollover are preserved. Ramp syncline basin-fill architecture is characterized by progressive unconformity and faultward migration of the growth synclines 'climbing up' the monoclinal prerift strata corresponding to the ramp-side limb of the ramp syncline. Clast composition analysis of the synrift deposits indicates that sediments were mainly supplied from the hanging-wall flat, and allows to propose palinspastic reconstructions of the hanging wall in order to establish the palaeo-drainage system and its evolution. 'Upper hanging-wall flat catchments' and 'lower rollover catchments' are proposed as main features of the drainage system in extensional hanging-wall syncline basins.

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A critique of techniques for modelling normal-fault and rollover geometries

Cited by 14 publications

References 15 publications

The role of salt layers in the hangingwall deformation of kinked-planar extensional faults: Insights from 3D analogue models and comparison with the Parentis Basin

The role of salt layers in the hangingwall deformation of kinked-planar extensional faults: Insights from 3D analogue models and comparison with the Parentis Basin

Modelling fracture systems in extensional crystalline basement

Interaction between faulting, drainage and sedimentation in extensional hanging-wall syncline basins: example of the Oligocene Matelles basin (Gulf of Lion rifted margin, SE France)

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