A critical size and period hypothesis to explain natural regulation of salmon abundance and the linkage to climate and climate change

Beamish, Richard; Mahnken, Conrad V. W.

doi:10.1016/s0079-6611(01)00034-9

Cited by 402 publications

(360 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Nevertheless, other studies have indicated that salmon that have poor early growth are less likely to survive (Beamish et al 2004b;Farley et al 2011;Jonsson et al 2011). Larger salmonids may be better able to avoid predation (Beamish and Mahnken 2001) and survive better than small salmonids when prey resources are low due to increased lipid stores (Farley et al 2007(Farley et al , 2011. Larger-sized females may also be more fecund due to increased body cavity size (Beacham 1982;Beacham and Murray 1987;Dickerson et al 2002), gain better oviposition territories (Fleming and Gross 1994), and dig deeper egg pockets to protect embryos from scour (Steen and Quinn 1999).…”

Section: Reduction Of Growth May Affect Survivalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine growth patterns of southern British Columbia chum salmon explained by interactions between density-dependent competition and changing climate

Debertin

Irvine

Holt

et al. 2017

Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

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Thirty-nine years of scale growth measurements from Big Qualicum River chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) in southern British Columbia demonstrated that competition and climate variation affect marine growth and age-at-maturity. A longitudinal study design that accounted for correlation among individuals revealed growth at all ages was reduced when the biomass of North American chum, sockeye (Oncorhynchus nerka), and pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) was high. When North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO) was positive, indicating increased primary productivity, predicted growth increased. Climate variation influenced competition effects. For instance, density-dependent competition effects increased when NPGO became more positive and Pacific Decadal Oscillation became more negative (indicating cool conditions), causing the greatest range in predicted scale size. Chum salmon are likely to exhibit continued reduction in growth at age due to increased ocean temperatures driven by climate change and high aggregate salmon biomass that includes hatchery releases. If evidence of biomass and climate effects presented here are common among Pacific salmon populations, reduction of hatchery releases should be considered. Résumé :Des mesures sur 39 ans de la croissance des écailles de saumons kétas (Oncorhynchus keta) de la Grande rivière Qualicum, dans le sud de la Colombie-Britannique, démontrent que la concurrence et les variations climatiques ont une incidence sur la croissance en mer et l'âge à la maturité. Un plan d'étude longitudinale qui tient compte de la corrélation entre individus révèle que la croissance à tous les âges est plus faible quand la biomasse des saumons kétas, sockeyes (Oncorhynchus nerka) et roses (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) d'Amérique du Nord est élevée. Quand l'oscillation du tourbillon nord-pacifique (OTPN) est positive, indiquant une productivité primaire accrue, la croissance prédite augmente. Les variations du climat ont également une incidence sur ces effets de concurrence. Les effets de la concurrence dépendant de la densité augmentent quand l'OTPN devient plus positive et l'oscillation décennale du Pacifique, plus négative (indiquant des conditions fraîches), ce qui produit la plus grande fourchette de tailles d'écailles prédites. Il est probable que les saumons kétas continueront de présenter une diminution de la croissance selon l'âge en raison de la hausse des températures océaniques causée par les changements climatiques et de la forte biomasse totale de saumons incluant les individus issus d'écloseries. Si les indices d'effets de la biomasse et du climat relevés dans la présente étude s'avéraient répandus dans les populations de saumons du Pacifique, il serait pertinent d'examiner la possibilité de réduire les lâchers de poissons issus d'écloseries. [Traduit par la Rédaction]

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Section: Reduction Of Growth May Affect Survivalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine growth patterns of southern British Columbia chum salmon explained by interactions between density-dependent competition and changing climate

Debertin

Irvine

Holt

et al. 2017

Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

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“…There is also evidence that conditions in the spawning and rearing areas, which affect the amount of prey available to first-feeding young, are important for survival and recruitment (Beamish and Mahnken 2001). Climate change can affect these processes and subsequent recruitment to the fishery and catch.…”

Section: Fish Catch Synchrony With Climate Regime Shifts 163mentioning

confidence: 99%

Synchrony of Marine Fish Catches and Climate and Ocean Regime Shifts in the North Pacific Ocean

Noakes¹,

Beamish²

2009

Mar Coast Fish

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Catches of 19 marine fish species from the eastern and western portions of the North Pacific Ocean during 1970–2004 were examined to determine whether there was synchrony in their responses to the generally accepted climate regime shifts that occurred during that period. Catches for these species represented approximately 55% of the total fish catch in the North Pacific in the 1990s. Five distinct groups were apparent in the data, and each group exhibited a different response to the climate regime shifts of 1977, 1989, and 1998. Some species appeared to have responded only to the regime shift in 1977, others responded only to the shift in 1989, and a few species responded to both. The trends in the time series of catches for these five groups were not random, and shifts in catch generally coincided with regime shifts as identified by the Pacific Decadal Oscillation and other indices of climate change. Although this study examined the relationship of fisheries to trends in climate, there is an obvious linkage to the population dynamics of a particular species. Understanding how climate affects these linkages may help improve our ability to reliably forecast population and fishery trends in the future.

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“…Otolith microstructure analysis has since become an effective tool in reconstructing past variability in somatic growth during the early life stages of fish. Further, the enumeration of daily increments on fish otoliths has been used to identify the timing of environmental transitions, and has revealed critically important periods in determining recruitment success during early life history (Beamish and Mahnken 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In southern British Columbia (BC), Canada, ocean-type or subyearling Chinook salmon out-migrate from their natal streams to the coastal ocean in the spring and summer of their first year of life (Healey 1983). Consequently, rapid growth during this period is critical to avoid predation and attain an adequate size to survive the first marine winter (Beamish and Mahnken 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of temperature and ration on the otolith-to-somatic size relationship in juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha): a test of the direct proportionality assumption

Stormer

Juanes

2016

Mar. Freshwater Res.

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Abstract. Fish otoliths are commonly used to estimate somatic growth rate, but this depends on the assumption that the otolith and body grow in direct proportion. Environmental conditions contribute to variability in somatic growth and can result in deviations from direct proportionality in the otolith-to-somatic size relationship. In the present study we examined the otolith-to-body size relationship for juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) subjected to simulated seasonal (summer, autumn and winter) water temperatures and feeding rations. The otolith-to-somatic size relationship became uncoupled during summer between fish subjected to the cool (158C) and hot (218C) water temperatures. A food ration effect was also observed during the summer, such that fish fed an unlimited ration had smaller otoliths than equivalently sized fish fed a limited ration. The effects of water temperature and ration disappeared by the end of autumn, indicating that a seasonal compensatory response occurred in the otolith-to-somatic size relationship after the extreme temperatures and food limitations were alleviated. In winter, this relationship became uncoupled again, but only between fish that were fed throughout the winter and fish that were starved during the 3-month experimental period. The effects of water temperature and rations on the otolith-to-somatic size relationship of juvenile Chinook salmon could have implications for accurately estimating somatic growth from otolith growth in natural populations and should be incorporated into back-calculation techniques.

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A critical size and period hypothesis to explain natural regulation of salmon abundance and the linkage to climate and climate change

Cited by 402 publications

References 18 publications

Marine growth patterns of southern British Columbia chum salmon explained by interactions between density-dependent competition and changing climate

Marine growth patterns of southern British Columbia chum salmon explained by interactions between density-dependent competition and changing climate

Synchrony of Marine Fish Catches and Climate and Ocean Regime Shifts in the North Pacific Ocean

Effects of temperature and ration on the otolith-to-somatic size relationship in juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha): a test of the direct proportionality assumption

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