A critical review on recent polymeric and nano-enhanced membranes for reverse osmosis

Giwa, Adewale; Akther, Nawshad; Dufour, Virginie; Hasan, Shadi W.

doi:10.1039/c5ra17221g

Cited by 114 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 159 publications

(282 reference statements)

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“…Planned potable reuse projects can be categorized as direct or indirect [3]. Direct potable reuse (DPR) is the direct addition of reclaimed wastewater to a drinking water treatment plant's influent (referred to as "raw water augmentation") or a drinking water distribution system ("treated drinking water augmentation", Figure 1a).…”

Section: Reuse Terminologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dwindling water supplies and growing populations have made planned potable reuse an increasingly important component of water resource management for many urban areas around the world [1][2][3]. Although reuse can only be a portion of a water supply portfolio due to intrinsic water losses, reuse of wastewater can augment the supply of water for agriculture, industry, and potable use, even in regions where climate change and cyclical droughts make traditional supplies unreliable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Membranes, particularly polymeric membranes, play a crucial role in the purification of municipal wastewater to potable quality, and are the core part of almost all of these systems [1,2]. However, despite the technologies available, several challenges including membrane fouling, contaminant permeation, energy consumption, high pretreatment costs, managing treatment residuals, membrane integrity, and public perception limit widespread implementation of potable reuse [1,[3][4][5]. For example, as of 2010, only about 0.1% of treated municipal wastewater was directed to planned potable reuse in the U.S. [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A review of polymeric membranes and processes for potable water reuse

Warsinger

Chakraborty

Tow

et al. 2018

Progress in Polymer Science

550

269

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Conventional water resources in many regions are insufficient to meet the water needs of growing populations, thus reuse is gaining acceptance as a method of water supply augmentation. Recent advancements in membrane technology have allowed for the reclamation of municipal wastewater for the production of drinking water, i.e., potable reuse. Although public perception can be a challenge, potable reuse is often the least energy-intensive method of providing additional drinking water to water stressed regions. A variety of membranes have been developed that can remove water contaminants ranging from particles and pathogens to dissolved organic compounds and salts. Typically, potable reuse treatment plants use polymeric membranes for microfiltration or ultrafiltration in conjunction with reverse osmosis and, in some cases, nanofiltration. Membrane properties, including pore size, wettability, surface charge, roughness, thermal resistance, chemical stability, permeability, thickness and mechanical strength, vary between membranes and applications. Advancements in membrane technology including new membrane materials, coatings, and manufacturing methods, as well as emerging membrane processes such as membrane bioreactors, electrodialysis, and forward osmosis have been developed to improve selectivity, energy consumption, fouling resistance, and/or capital cost. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive summary of the role of polymeric membranes in the treatment of wastewater to potable water quality and highlight recent advancements in separation processes. Beyond membranes themselves, this review covers the background and history of potable reuse, and commonly used potable reuse process chains, pretreatment steps, and advanced oxidation processes. Key trends in membrane technology include novel configurations, materials and fouling prevention techniques. Challenges still facing membrane-based potable reuse applications, including chemical and biological contaminant removal, membrane fouling, and public perception, are highlighted as areas in need of further research and development.

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Section: Reuse Terminologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A review of polymeric membranes and processes for potable water reuse

Warsinger

Chakraborty

Tow

et al. 2018

Progress in Polymer Science

550

269

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…[18][19][20] In recent years, the application of NPs has played a prominent role in membrane ltration, where NPs are applied as an integral part of the membrane. 17,21,22 The use of NPs alters the basic characteristics of the membrane, among which hydrophilicity remains the most important factor that reduces membrane fouling. [23][24][25][26][27][28] The NPs attract more water molecules through hydrogen bonding and produce a thin layer of water over the membrane surface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fouling-free ultrafiltration for humic acid removal

Younas

Shao

et al. 2018

RSC Adv.

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Membrane fouling is a serious concern that significantly affects the membrane filtration process. In this study, an ultrafiltration (UF) membrane was developed with surface auto-regeneration potential by immobilizing a photocatalyst [titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO 2 NPs)] on a hybrid polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane to reduce fouling. The combination of photocatalysis and UF, namely, photocatalytic UF, induced the surface auto-regeneration potential to the membrane. The photocatalytic process was initiated after UV light reached the TiO 2 NPs through a quartz window in the membrane containing cell. The membrane, with an optimized distribution of TiO 2 NPs (3.04 g m À2 ), could completely regenerate itself during photocatalytic UF [with 2 mg L À1 humic acid (HA)] without experiencing membrane fouling during 90 min of filtration. The impact of temperature, an important factor for increasing the kinetic rate of the photocatalyst, was also studied. The results showed that an increase in temperature did not affect the photocatalytic process, but increased the permeate flux, which was attributed to the decrease in kinematic viscosity of the water. Finally, four consecutive photocatalytic UF cycles demonstrated the stability of the membrane for a fouling-free UF process. Fig. 5Effect of various concentrations of HA on the photocatalytic UF process; the initial 'a', 'b', and 'c' represent 2 mg L À1 , 5 mg L À1 , and 10 mg L À1 HA concentration, respectively; the numeric 'i', 'ii', and 'iii' represent permeate flux, rejection coefficient, and the decrease in HA quantity in the total feed volume, respectively.This journal is

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“…In general, these two parameters are a trade-off in that an increase in the flux may bring about low salt rejection and vice versa. However, substantial efforts have recently been made to satisfy the commercially-applicable high flux together with high enough salt rejection for drinking-quality water (Humplik et al, 2011, Lee et al, 2011, Giwa et al, 2016, Shenvi et al, 2015. To fulfil this aim, developments in membrane materials should be in the forefront.…”

Section: Introduction To Reverse Osmosis Desalinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A computational approach to evaluation of nanoporous zeolitic membranes for reverse osmosis desalination

Han¹

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Water scarcity has become one of the major global concerns. Research has shown that more than one-third of the population throughout the world resides in water-stressed regions now.Reverse osmosis (RO) desalination has recently been highlighted as a clean technology that is less energy intensive using membranes rather than directly consuming fossil fuels.Advances in nanomaterials have opened new possibilities for RO membrane materials. Zeolites are one of the candidate materials due to their crystalline structures and durability. However, the performance of zeolite membranes has not been successful for practical use due to poor water flux.Thus, we used molecular dynamics simulations to investigate, at the molecular level, a series of potential zeolite types which have been rarely studied for application in desalination. We determine diffusion coefficients and the structure of water when it passes through pores of these zeolites. In addition, we examine the potential of mean force for water or ions as they move into and through a zeolite membrane in order to evaluate how favourable the passage of the molecule of interest through each membrane is. This provided us with some criteria (i.e. water permeability and ion selectivity) to judge if the membrane is likely to have suitable desalination performance. Without this molecular-level understanding, selection of zeolite materials for desalination membranes is difficult.Some widely-studied types and potential types of zeolites were selected for our study. The common types have all 3-dimensional (3-D) pore structures, while the potential zeolites have 1-dimensional (1-D) cylindrical pores. To investigate the water dynamics and structure in these different pores, we employed molecular (MD) dynamics simulations. The MD results showed the water self-diffusivity, which indicates a molecular mobility, in the 1-D pores is up to 18-time higher than that of the 3-D pores. As it was found that water molecules formed clusters, water droplets, and moved collectively at low water density in the zeolite pores, the water collective diffusivity, which is directly related to water flux, was also measured for the all the case of zeolites. This collective diffusivity through the 1-D pore zeolites was around one order of magnitude higher than that of the 3-D pore zeolites, suggesting our 1-D zeolites selected are promising as high flux membranes.To evaluate the thermodynamic stability for water or ion of interest when they pass across the zeolite membranes, the potential of mean force calculations were carried out using MD simulations.We selected one of the 3-D pore zeolites (LTA) and another of the 1-D pore zeolites (VET) for the membrane. In general, these membranes had a moderate energy barrier to water transport, but a very high barrier to sodium or chloride ion transport except the VET membrane. The chloride ion ii had a minimum in the potential of mean force at the pore entrance and a preference for the chloride ion to enter the pore than to enter the bulk solution for the...

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A critical review on recent polymeric and nano-enhanced membranes for reverse osmosis

Abstract: Current and recent advances in polymeric and nano-enhanced membrane developments for reverse osmosis are reported in terms of membrane performance and fouling.

Cited by 114 publications

References 159 publications

A review of polymeric membranes and processes for potable water reuse

A review of polymeric membranes and processes for potable water reuse

Fouling-free ultrafiltration for humic acid removal

A computational approach to evaluation of nanoporous zeolitic membranes for reverse osmosis desalination

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