A critical review on polydopamine surface-modified scaffolds in musculoskeletal regeneration

Abstract

Increasing concern about age-related diseases, particularly musculoskeletal injuries and orthopedic conditions, highlights the need for strategies such as tissue engineering to address them. Surface modification has been developed to create pro-healing interfaces, personalize scaffolds and provide novel medicines. Polydopamine, a mussel-inspired adhesive polymer with highly reactive functional groups that adhere to nearly all substrates, has gained attention in surface modification strategies for biomaterials. Polydopamine was primarily developed to modify surfaces, but its effectiveness has opened up promising approaches for further applications in bioengineering as carriers and nanoparticles. This review focuses on the recent discoveries of the role of polydopamine as a surface coating material, with focus on the properties that make it suitable for tackling musculoskeletal disorders. We report the evolution of using it in research, and discuss papers involving the progress of this field. The current research on the role of polydopamine in bone, cartilage, muscle, nerve, and tendon regeneration is discussed, thus giving comprehensive overview about the function of polydopamine both in-vitro and in-vivo. Finally, the report concludes presenting the critical challenges that must be addressed for the clinical translation of this biomaterial while exploring future perspectives and research opportunities in this area.

Trends in bioactivity: inducing and detecting mineralization of regenerative polymeric scaffolds

“…Numerous studies have been noted in a recent review by Tolabi et al, with the scaffold polymer component frequently being a biodegradable polyester. 89 We likewise applied a PDA coating to polyester SMP scaffolds, which resulted in enhanced osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs as well as HAp mineralization after SBF exposure. 90 Direct surface treatment of polymeric scaffolds has also been utilized to invoke bioactivity.…”

Strategically Designed Bifunctional Polydopamine Enwrapping Polycaprolactone-Hydroxyapatite-Doxorubicin Composite Nanofibers for Osteosarcoma Treatment and Bone Regeneration

“…In this study, we used doxorubicin (DOX) loaded with Hap nanoparticles to achieve the controlled release of DOX for chemotherapy and then loaded HAp-DOX onto PCL nanofibers using electrospinning. A common method to increase the hydrophilicity of PCL scaffolds is to coat them with polydopamine (PDA). , PDA adheres to nearly all substrates, including polymers, metals, and inorganics. PDA has a high photothermal conversion efficiency, meaning that under low-laser power density and short irradiation periods, it can kill cancer cells effectively with little harm caused to healthy tissues. , …”

Progress of Microfluidic Hydrogel‐Based Scaffolds and Organ‐on‐Chips for the Cartilage Tissue Engineering

“…[5,6] Consequently, tissue engineering (TE) sheds light on restoring AC with better biomechanical function. [7][8][9] The natural environment of chondrocyte cells requires specific mechanical strength (800-900 kPa) along with high water content (60-85%). [10] Accordingly, hydrogels, networks of cross-linked hydrophilic polymers, possessing high water amounts, super absorption capacity, and extracellular matrix (ECM)-mimicking ability are among ideal candidates for cartilage regeneration.…”