A critical review on metal-based catalysts used in the pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass materials

Tawalbeh, Muhammad; Al‐Othman, Amani; Salamah, Tareq; Alkasrawi, Malek; Martis, Remston; El-Rub, Ziad Abu

doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113597

Cited by 55 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 226 publications

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“…91 Effective operation of biorefinery is impossible without the use of catalytic pyrolysis technologies. [92][93][94] The method of thermal programmed desorption mass spectrometry (TPD-MS) is a powerful method for studying the processes of direct and catalytic pyrolysis of biomass and model compounds of biomass. 95,96 The methodology to obtain kinetic parameters from TPD-MS data was widely reported in the literature.…”

Section: Mechanism Determination Using Model Compounds Of Biomass And...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermokinetics of production of biochar from crop residues: an overview

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Section: Mechanism Determination Using Model Compounds Of Biomass And...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermokinetics of production of biochar from crop residues: an overview

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“…The availability of biomass has great potential for economic benefits, and pyrolysis or catalytic pyrolysis is an economically and feasible technology for the utilization of biomass [1][2][3]. Undecylenic acid methyl ester (UAME) and heptanal (HEP), pyrolysis products of methyl ricinoleate (MR), are considered renewable resources for the chemical industry [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyrolysis of Methyl Ricinoleate: Distribution and Characteristics of Fast and Slow Pyrolysis Products

et al. 2022

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A stable temperature site and the speed of heating the feedstocks play a key role in pyrolysis processes. In this study, the product distribution arising from pyrolysis of methyl ricinoleate (MR) at 550 °C with low and high heating rates was first studied by pyrolysis–gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). The results show that fast pyrolysis of MR favored the production of undecylenic acid methyl ester (UAME) and heptanal (HEP). Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were employed to reveal the UAME and HEP formation process from pyrolysis of MR. The bond dissociation energies (BDEs) of C–C bonds in MR showed that the C11–C12 bond is the weakest. This suggests that UAME and HEP are two major products. The process of slow and fast MR pyrolysis was the dehydration-first and the pyrolysis-first trend, respectively. The calculated activation energies of MR pyrolysis to UAME and HEP and MR dehydration to 9,12-octadecadienoic acid methyl ester were 287.72 and 238.29 kJ/mol, respectively. The much higher product yields obtained in the fast pyrolysis reactors than those from conventional tubular reactors confirmed the proposed process.

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“…7 Despite the fact that metal-based catalysts showed good activity in aerobic oxidative esterication of ketones, they suffered from several obvious drawbacks, including high cost, potential toxicity, poor durability, and metal contaminants (extremely unwanted in pharmaceuticals). 32,33 To solve these drawbacks in metal-based catalytic systems, signicant attention has been devoted to cost-effective metal-free catalytic systems, and several metal-free systems have been successfully developed for aerobic oxidative esterication of ketones to synthesize methyl esters. 4,34 Nevertheless, these reported systems metal-free catalytic systems were all homogeneous, and needed special oxidants (e.g., oxone) and catalysts (e.g., NH 4 I) 34 or strong bases (e.g., KO t Bu) and special reactants (3-oxopropanenitrile).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%