A critical review on low salinity waterflooding for enhanced oil recovery: Experimental studies, simulations, and field applications

Mwakipunda, Grant Charles; Jia, Rui; Mgimba, Melckzedeck Michael; Ngata, Mbega Ramadhani; Omari, Athumani; Saidi, Abdessamad; Yu, Long

doi:10.1016/j.geoen.2023.211936

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 140 publications

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“…Subsequently, a series of extensive core flooding experiments and pilot tests have been conducted to validate the efficacy of the LSWF in sandstone reservoirs. These studies have provided further evidence supporting the effectiveness of LSWF in improving oil recovery. − ,− …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…These ions are potential-determining ions (PDIs). 22 Concentrations of these ions have a significant effect on the wettability. Due to their high ionic charges, these ions disturb the rock−oil−brine ionic balance, releasing polar compounds.…”

Section: Application Of Sw As An Eor Methods In Sandstonementioning

confidence: 99%

“…70,71 Nevertheless, many researchers observed oil recovery enhancement without fines migration. 9,20,22,37,72,73 2.1.2. Increase in pH.…”

Section: Application Of Sw As An Eor Methods In Sandstonementioning

confidence: 99%

“…5−9,17−20,22,24−27 Various studies, encompassing both experimental and simulation approaches, have indicated wettability alteration as the principal reason for increasing microscopic displacement efficiency during SWF. [7][8][9]22,24 However, due to local heterogeneity and viscosity contrast, SWF could result in poor volumetric sweep efficiency. 28,29 The growing interest in SWF has prompted investigations into potential synergies between this method and other EOR techniques, such as surfactant and alkaline flooding.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Smart Water–Polymer Hybrid Flooding in Heavy Oil Sandstone Reservoirs: A Detailed Review and Guidelines for Future Applications

Khosravi,

Chahardowli,

Simjoo

2024

Energy Fuels

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The application of smart water−polymer hybrid flooding in sandstone reservoirs has gained significant attention in recent years. This study provides a comprehensive review of the smart water−polymer flooding concept, including the underlying mechanisms, necessary conditions, and specific applications in heavy oil sandstone reservoirs. Screening criteria and required conditions for each method are investigated thoroughly to ensure the possibility of their synergy. The study also addresses smart water deficiency as a single Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) process for heavy oil heterogeneous sandstone reservoirs. The effectiveness of smart water−polymer hybrid flooding in terms of enhancing oil recovery mechanisms, various injection scenarios, economic profitability, and associated risks such as injectivity decline and viscosity loss is thoroughly examined and compared in different experimental and simulation studies. Based on the literature, it is concluded that wettability alteration and mobility control are the main controlling mechanisms. The synergistic effect of these mechanisms can lead to an increase in oil recovery equal to or higher than the summation of each method separately, with more effective results for heavy oil reservoirs. Notably, among the various injection scenarios explored, smart water injection followed by a tertiary smart water−polymer flood demonstrated the highest ultimate oil recovery. Despite numerous experimental studies on this subject, a series of controversial results have been observed concerning issues such as injectivity, polymer retention, and cation exchange between the polymer and aqueous phase. This indicates the necessity for more detailed investigations on this hybrid EOR method in the future. Simulation and optimization studies, particularly by applying proxy models such as artificial-intelligence-based methods, seem to have a high potential for further field study in this topic.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Application Of Sw As An Eor Methods In Sandstonementioning

confidence: 99%

“…70,71 Nevertheless, many researchers observed oil recovery enhancement without fines migration. 9,20,22,37,72,73 2.1.2. Increase in pH.…”

Section: Application Of Sw As An Eor Methods In Sandstonementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Smart Water–Polymer Hybrid Flooding in Heavy Oil Sandstone Reservoirs: A Detailed Review and Guidelines for Future Applications

Khosravi,

Chahardowli,

Simjoo

2024

Energy Fuels

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“…This energy increase will be associated with the GHGs released into the atmosphere, especially carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), which accounts for ∼55% and leads to global warming effects and air pollution, as shown in Figure . The top five countries for CO 2 emissions around the world are China with 11,472 million metric tons, United States with 5,007 million metric tons, India with 2,710 million metric tons, Russia with 1,756 million metric tons, and Japan with 1,067 million metric tons by 2022. − Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) is the primary method to reduce GHGs in the atmosphere to meet the Paris Climate Accords agreement to achieve net zero emissions by 2050 and a maximum global temperature rise of 1.5 °C. − It involves capturing, transporting, and storing CO 2 underground or utilizing it for industrial purposes . There are many options in which CO 2 can be stored, namely, biotic, geologic, and oceanic sequestration, as discussed by ref .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical Review on Carbon Dioxide Sequestration Potentiality in Methane Hydrate Reservoirs via CO₂–CH₄ Exchange: Experiments, Simulations, and Pilot Test Applications

et al. 2023

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Many researchers have investigated the potential of methane hydrate reservoirs (MHRs) for carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration and methane (CH4) production through the CO2–CH4 replacement method. This technique is not yet commercially implemented due to various limitations, especially economic reasons. This study investigated recent advancements in MHRs potentiality for CO2 sequestration through CO2 or mixed gas exchange injection while recovering CH4. From the experiments, modeling, and simulations, and one pilot test conducted, it was found that there is a great potentiality of sequestrating CO2 in MHRs while recovering CH4. In addition, it was revealed that to produce more CH4, the nitrogen/hydrogen (N2/H2) mole fraction in the injector gas stream should be more significant than that in CO2, while to sequestrate more CO2, the CO2 mole fraction in the injector gas stream should be greater than the N2/H2 mole fraction. The CO2–mixture gases mole fraction ratio recommended from one successful pilot test conducted was 23:77 (CO2/N2), which revealed that approximately 60% of injected CO2 was sequestrated with 855 × 103 standard cubic feet of CH4 produced. The challenges identified in this review will urge researchers to explore suitable technologies to conduct more pilot tests and pave the way toward entire field operations on CO2 sequestration in MHRs toward decarbonization.

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Salt-acid-surfactant synergistic effects on interfacial characteristics of water/oil systems: A molecular dynamics simulation study

Zeighami,

Kargozarfard,

Khiabani

et al. 2024

Journal of Molecular Liquids

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A critical review on low salinity waterflooding for enhanced oil recovery: Experimental studies, simulations, and field applications

Cited by 7 publications

References 140 publications

Smart Water–Polymer Hybrid Flooding in Heavy Oil Sandstone Reservoirs: A Detailed Review and Guidelines for Future Applications

Smart Water–Polymer Hybrid Flooding in Heavy Oil Sandstone Reservoirs: A Detailed Review and Guidelines for Future Applications

Critical Review on Carbon Dioxide Sequestration Potentiality in Methane Hydrate Reservoirs via CO₂–CH₄ Exchange: Experiments, Simulations, and Pilot Test Applications

Salt-acid-surfactant synergistic effects on interfacial characteristics of water/oil systems: A molecular dynamics simulation study

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A critical review on low salinity waterflooding for enhanced oil recovery: Experimental studies, simulations, and field applications

Cited by 7 publications

References 140 publications

Smart Water–Polymer Hybrid Flooding in Heavy Oil Sandstone Reservoirs: A Detailed Review and Guidelines for Future Applications

Smart Water–Polymer Hybrid Flooding in Heavy Oil Sandstone Reservoirs: A Detailed Review and Guidelines for Future Applications

Critical Review on Carbon Dioxide Sequestration Potentiality in Methane Hydrate Reservoirs via CO2–CH4 Exchange: Experiments, Simulations, and Pilot Test Applications

Salt-acid-surfactant synergistic effects on interfacial characteristics of water/oil systems: A molecular dynamics simulation study

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Critical Review on Carbon Dioxide Sequestration Potentiality in Methane Hydrate Reservoirs via CO₂–CH₄ Exchange: Experiments, Simulations, and Pilot Test Applications