A critical review on global CO₂ emission: where do industries stand?

Abstract

Global CO2 emissions from different industries have been increasing at an alarming rate. This growth is outpacing the efforts, nations are putting in place to reduce their carbon footprints. In this topical review, we critically analyze the level of CO2 emissions on a global scale and across various industries and activities within them and the dominant anthropogenic forcing instability. The global CO2 emission from various economic sectors such as industries, transportation and variety of waste sources were traced globally and regionally. To contextualize our review, the sector wise CO2 emission trends data for a period more than a decade is reviewed which highlighted the main sources of emissions. The data shows the overall reduction of carbon footprints and its progress across various sectors is very limited. The governing factors for this continued global pattern can be ascribed to two main factors: high consumer demands, and poor efforts towards shifting low and zero carbon services across all sectors. Some efforts have been witnessed to shift towards clean fuels and renewables, particularly in Europe and North America. However, rapid growth in industrialization limits the shifting of fossil-based energy systems towards less harmful systems. In Asia, particularly in eastern, southern, and south-eastern regions, the carbon footprints were found to increased owing to a huge demand for materials production, travelling and energy services. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to identify, understand and tackle the most persistent and climate-harmful factors across all industries and drive such policies to substitute the fossil fuels with renewables.

Carbon Capture and Storage through Upcycling of Suberinic Acid Residues in Wood Composites Finishing

“…For instance, they can be utilized in the development of bio-polyols, which in turn find application in the production of polymeric materials [34]. This approach contributes well both to the minimization approach of the CO 2 emission from industries and to waste re-use [35]. The outer bark of birch (Betula spp.)…”

Carbon Capture and Storage through Upcycling of Suberinic Acid Residues in Wood Composites Finishing

“…Depolymerized suberinic acids (SA) can be considered as an alternative resource to different feedstocks for valueadded product obtaining [31][32] [33], for example, to develop bio-polyols that can be further used in polymeric material production [34]. This approach contributes well to the minimization approach of the CO2 emission from industry and to waste re-use [35]. The birch (Betula spp.)…”