A critical review on environmental risk and toxic hazards of refractory pollutants discharged in chlorolignin waste of pulp and paper mills and their remediation approaches for environmental safety

Unraveling the shift in bacterial communities profile grown in sediments co-contaminated with chlorolignin waste of pulp-paper mill by metagenomics approach

“…PPMs extensively utilize huge volumes of freshwater in several processing steps, including cleaning, chemical pulping, bleaching, and paper development, simultaneously generating vast volume of effluent as a by-product ( Kumar A. et al, 2021 ; Conte et al, 2022 ). The generated effluent is heavily loaded with a multifaceted blend of organic, inorganic, and organometallic pollutants like lignins, tannins, resins, and their derivatives, fatty acids, sulfur compounds, including chloroorganics like lignins, phenols, hydrocarbon, dioxins, furans, and resin acids ( Castro et al, 2018 ; Kumar and Verma, 2023 ). Improper discharge of effluent can have serious impacts on the environment, leading to contamination of natural resources and posing serious health risks ( Ratia et al, 2012 ; Orrego et al, 2019 ; Haq et al, 2022 ).…”

“…Bleaching of pulp by chlorine-based chemicals to remove the characteristic brown color of lignin for whitening pulp as a part of pulp processing in PPMS is still practiced in India ( Kaur et al, 2018 ; Rajput et al, 2020 ) and many other developing countries ( Liang et al, 2021 ). As a consequence, a myriad of chloroorganic compounds, such as chlorolignin, chlorophenols, chlorohydrocarbons, chlorlignosulphonic acids, chlorinated resin acids, dibenzo- p -dioxin, and dibenzofuran, which are formed inadvertently as adsorbable organic halides (AOX), are discharged in the bleaching wastewater stream ( Deshmukh et al, 2009 ; Zhang et al, 2020 ; Kumar and Verma, 2023 ). Bleach wastewater exhibits high strengths of chemical oxygen demand, suspended solids, dissolved lignin, color, and a blend of various organic compounds ( Sharma et al, 2014 ; Kumar A. et al, 2021 ; Liang et al, 2021 ).…”

Flexible Hexacarboxylate-Based Cobalt Metal–Organic Framework for the Turn-On/Off Detection of Cr3+, Al3+, Fe3+, and Phenylglyoxylic Acid

“…Nowadays, the growing concern over chemical pollutants and their impact on ecological security and human health has gained significant attention. 1,2 Styrene is an important industrial material for polymers and plays an important role in the manufacturing of plastics and rubber. 3−5 However, styrene is also a notoriously toxic organic compound.…”

“…Nowadays, the growing concern over chemical pollutants and their impact on ecological security and human health has gained significant attention. , Styrene is an important industrial material for polymers and plays an important role in the manufacturing of plastics and rubber. − However, styrene is also a notoriously toxic organic compound. It infiltrates the human body through either inhalation or skin absorption, which is harmful to the nervous system, blood system, and digestive system, and even causes cancer. , Fortunately, styrene can be transformed into phenylglyoxylic acid (PGA) and subsequently be expelled from the body .…”

Effect of different cooking methods on selected quality criteria and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon content of cultivated mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus)

“…There are many pollutants in these harmful substances, and one class of these pollutants is PAHs, which have been proven to have toxic and carcinogenic effects on human health. Since even small amounts of these compounds can have toxic and carcinogenic effects on the human body, it is important to control their levels in the air, water, and food (Alver et al ., 2012; Gupta et al ., 2023; Kumar & Verma, 2023; Ravanbakhsh et al ., 2023).…”