A critical review on amorphous–crystalline heterostructured electrocatalysts for efficient water splitting

Abstract

Introducing complementary active materials in tandem as heterostructures of various shapes and sizes can significantly improve the physicochemical properties of the developed materials. Recently, the use of amorphous materials in...

Design strategy of encapsulated nanoplates and nanorods (ID-CoMo): enhanced catalytic activity and sustainability for overall & solar cell water splitting

“…Surface reconstruction following electrochemical treatment may result from the crystalline sample transition to an amorphous phase. 45 The catalysts collapsing the order which facilitates faster electron transport with diffusion, enhances rapid electrochemical kinetics and the surface amorphization may increase the electrochemical activity. In XPS spectra minor alterations in the samples were observed in the positions and intensities of the fitting peaks for Co, Mo and O after the OER and HER.…”

Double‐Walled Tubular Heusler‐Type Platinum–Ruthenium Phosphide as All‐pH Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Catalyst Outperforming Platinum and Ruthenium

“…[8][9][10] Such strategies led to accelerated reaction kinetics, primarily due to the optimized active sites generated from abundant phase boundaries. [11,12] In this regard, we propose a nanostructured ternary ionic phase that strategically places two different cation types for water dissociation and H 2 production to maximize synergy in single-phase nanocatalysts (Figure S1b, Supporting Information). The atomic proximity of two active sites is pivotal to the efficient spillover of reaction intermediates.…”

Heterostructure of Fe-Doped CoMoOx/CoMoOx as an Efficient Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Evolution Reaction

“…Among these approaches, metal oxide and hydroxide catalysts in their amorphous forms have gained significant attention. Their atomic-scale structure, characterized by local short-range order and long-range disorder, leads to a nonperiodic internal arrangement of atoms. , This long-range disorder at the atomic level results in numerous surface atoms with randomly oriented bonds, thereby exposing more atoms with unsaturated electronic configurations. These atoms can serve as active sites in catalytic reactions by facilitating the adsorption of reactants .…”

“…These atoms can serve as active sites in catalytic reactions by facilitating the adsorption of reactants . However, these amorphous mixed-metal oxides and hydroxides often exhibit low stability and low intrinsic conductivity, which can limit their catalytic performance during OER, particularly at high current densities . To address these challenges, carbon supports and metal oxides–carbon composites have been explored to improve carrier transport. , Nevertheless, the introduction of carbon supports requires additional processes, and transition-metal oxide catalysts on carbon supports are susceptible to detachment during the OER due to weak physisorption or van der Waals interactions, leading to short-term catalytic activity.…”