A critical review on additive manufacturing of Ti-6Al-4V alloy: microstructure and mechanical properties

Nguyen, Hung; Pramanik, Alokesh; Basak, A.K.; Dong, Yu; Prakash, Chander; Debnath, Sujan; Shankar, S.; Jawahir, I.S.; Dixit, Saurav; Buddhi, Dharam

doi:10.1016/j.jmrt.2022.04.055

Cited by 154 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…Compared with the mechanical properties of the Ti-Zr congruent alloy listed in Table 5 , Mo addition effectively enhances the strength but decreases the ductility. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of the designed alloys are compared or superior to those of other titanium alloys fabricated by L-DED (their typical strength and ductility are 0.8–1.2 GPa and 1−24%, respectively) [ 7 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure and Properties of Ti-Zr-Mo Alloys Fabricated by Laser Directed Energy Deposition

2023

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The binary Ti-Zr congruent alloys have been a potential candidate for laser-directed energy deposition owing to an excellent combination of high structural stability and good formability. To solve its insufficient strength, a new series of Ti-Zr-Mo alloys with different Mo contents were designed based on a cluster model and then made by laser-directed energy deposition on a high-purity titanium substrate. The effect of Mo content on the microstructure and properties of the L-DEDed alloys was investigated. The consequences exhibit that the microstructure of all designed alloys is featured with near-equiaxed β grains without obvious texture. However, increasing Mo content induces a gradual refinement of the grain and a steady decrease in the lattice constant, which effectively improves the hardness, strength, wear and corrosion resistance of the designed alloys, but slightly weakens ductility and formability. From the viewpoint of both properties and forming quality, the Ti60.94Zr36.72Mo2.34 (at.%) alloy owns a proper match in mechanical, tribological, chemical, and forming properties, which is widely used in aeroengine components.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure and Properties of Ti-Zr-Mo Alloys Fabricated by Laser Directed Energy Deposition

2023

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“…Как известно, для титана ВТ1-0, полученного традиционными методами, значения предела прочности составляют 400−500 MPa [4]. Полученные в настоящей работе высокие значения предела прочности (820 MPa) могут быть объяснены наличием мелкодисперсной мартенситной α ′ -фазы, возникновение которой связывают с высокой скоростью кристаллизации материалов на основе титана (∼ 10 5 −10 7 K/s) [21][22][23], получаемых методами СЛС.…”

Section: обсуждение результатовunclassified

Улучшение Физико-Механических Характеристик Нелегированного Титана Вт1-0 И Исследование Влияния На Них Режимов Селективного Лазерного Сплавления

Грязнов¹,

Шотин²,

Чувильдеев³

et al. 2023

Журнал Технической Физики

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Comprehensive studies of the physical and mechanical properties and structure of VT1-0 titanium samples processed by selective laser melting have been carried out. High strength characteristics (the ultimate tensile strength of 820 MPa, the yield strength of 710 MPa) have been achieved. These values exceed by 2 times the values for this material produced using conventional technology. The formation of the martensitic αʹ-phase, obtained due to the high crystallization rates realized in selective laser melting process, is the reason for the increase in the mechanical characteristics of titanium VT1-0. Mechanical characteristics of titanium VT1-0 subjected to high-temperature annealing demonstrated a monotonous decrease in strength parameters by 15% and an increase in plastic characteristics by 30%. It is shown that the technology of selective laser melting makes it possible to solve the problem of improving the strength characteristics of unalloyed titanium to create a new class of medical devices.

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“…Due to the high heating and cooling velocities in parts made by LPBF, the resulting microstructure contains acicular martensite (α’) with a little portion of phase β [ 4 , 16 ]. On the other hand, the microstructure, as a result of the EBM process, consists of a mixture of α + β type Widmanstätten due to preheating stage during the EBM [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ]. Different types of defects reside in metallic alloys fabricated by additive manufacturing; Wysocki (2017) [ 16 ] identified that the number of pores is minor in EBM compared to LPBF, due to the preheating stages used in EBM during the printing process [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidation Kinetics of Ti-6Al-4V Alloys by Conventional and Electron Beam Additive Manufacturing

et al. 2023

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New manufacturing processes for metal parts such as additive manufacturing (AM) provide a technological development for the aeronautical and aerospace industries, since these AM processes are a means to reduce the weight of the parts, which generate cost savings. AM techniques such as Laser Powder Bed Fusions (LPBF) and Electron Beam Fusion (EBM), provided an improvement in mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and thermal stability at temperatures below 400 °C, in comparison to conventional methods. This research aimed to study the oxidation kinetics of Ti-6Al-4V alloys by conventional and Electron Beam Additive Manufacturing. The thermogravimetric analysis was performed at temperatures of 600 °C, 800 °C, and 900 °C, having a heating rate of 25 °C/min and oxidation time of 24 h. The microstructural analysis was carried out by thermogravimetric analysis. Thickness and morphology of oxide layers were analyzed by field emission scanning electron microscope, phase identification (before and after the oxidation process) was realized by X-ray diffraction at room temperature and hardness measurements were made in cross section. Results indicated that the oxidation kinetics of Ti-6Al-4V alloys fabricated by EBM was similar to conventional processing and obeyed a parabolic or quasi-parabolic kinetics. The samples oxidized at 600 °C for 24 h presented the lowest hardness values (from 350 to 470 HV). At oxidation temperatures of 800 and 900 °C, however, highest hardness values (from 870 close to the alpha-case interface up to 300 HV in base metal) were found on the surface and gradually decreased towards the center of the base alloy. This may be explained by different microstructures presented in the manufacturing processes.

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A critical review on additive manufacturing of Ti-6Al-4V alloy: microstructure and mechanical properties

Cited by 154 publications

References 93 publications

Microstructure and Properties of Ti-Zr-Mo Alloys Fabricated by Laser Directed Energy Deposition

Microstructure and Properties of Ti-Zr-Mo Alloys Fabricated by Laser Directed Energy Deposition

Улучшение Физико-Механических Характеристик Нелегированного Титана Вт1-0 И Исследование Влияния На Них Режимов Селективного Лазерного Сплавления

Oxidation Kinetics of Ti-6Al-4V Alloys by Conventional and Electron Beam Additive Manufacturing

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