A critical review of uranium contamination in groundwater: Treatment and sludge disposal

Gandhi, T. Pushparaj; Sampath, Prasanna Venkatesh; Maliyekkal, Shihabudheen M.

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153947

Cited by 89 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 272 publications

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“…As a consequence, a lot of studies have been concerned with the detection, distribution, transport, transformation, removal, and risk assessment of groundwater contaminants. ,− For the conventional contaminants such as chlorinated solvents, nitrate, Cr, As, and so on, research has been intensive and evolved from individual to mixed contaminants, from simple to complex systems (multiphases, multimatrix, multiprocesses, and heterogeneity, along with their coupling), from lab simulation to field tests, and from qualitative to quantitative characterization in the past decades. ,,,− Thus, knowledge about the environmental behaviors of conventional contaminants in groundwater has been relatively systematic. Emerging contaminants and pathogens in groundwater have been a new research frontier because of the increasing recognition of their widespread occurrence and harmful impact. − To meet the goal of groundwater safety, regulations have been issued and implemented in many countries for groundwater contamination. − The standard for groundwater quality has set threshold values for different contaminants, particularly conventional contaminants and pathogens, so that appropriate management and control strategies can be made.…”

Section: Groundwater Quality and Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Groundwater Quality and Health: Making the Invisible Visible

Wang

Yuan

Shi

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Linking groundwater quality to health will make the invisible groundwater visible, but there are knowledge gaps to understand the linkage which requires cross-disciplinary convergent research. The substances in groundwater that are critical to health can be classified into five types according to the sources and characteristics: geogenic substances, biogenic elements, anthropogenic contaminants, emerging contaminants, and pathogens. The most intriguing questions are related to quantitative assessment of human health and ecological risks of exposure to the critical substances via natural or induced artificial groundwater discharge: What is the list of critical substances released from discharging groundwater, and what are the pathways of the receptors' exposure to the critical substances? How to quantify the flux of critical substances during groundwater discharge? What procedures can we follow to assess human health and ecological risks of groundwater discharge? Answering these questions is fundamental for humans to deal with the challenges of water security and health risks related to groundwater quality. This perspective provides recent progresses, knowledge gaps, and future trends in understanding the linkage between groundwater quality and health.

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Section: Groundwater Quality and Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Groundwater Quality and Health: Making the Invisible Visible

Wang

Yuan

Shi

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Over the years, a number of techniques have been developed to treat and purify waste and groundwater. Some of these techniques include solvent extraction, flotation, precipitation, oxidation, evaporation, adsorption, and membrane filtration [ 167 , 168 , 169 ]. Because of its cost effectiveness, operational ease, low energy consumption, superior efficiency, and availability of a diverse range of membrane materials, membrane filtration is considered one of the leading techniques used for water treatments.…”

Section: Applications Of Graphenementioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene Synthesis Techniques and Environmental Applications

Abbas

Shinde²,

Abdelkareem³

et al. 2022

Materials

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Graphene is fundamentally a two-dimensional material with extraordinary optical, thermal, mechanical, and electrical characteristics. It has a versatile surface chemistry and large surface area. It is a carbon nanomaterial, which comprises sp2 hybridized carbon atoms placed in a hexagonal lattice with one-atom thickness, giving it a two-dimensional structure. A large number of synthesis techniques including epitaxial growth, liquid phase exfoliation, electrochemical exfoliation, mechanical exfoliation, and chemical vapor deposition are used for the synthesis of graphene. Graphene prepared using different techniques can have a number of benefits and deficiencies depending on its application. This study provides a summary of graphene preparation techniques and critically assesses the use of graphene, its derivates, and composites in environmental applications. These applications include the use of graphene as membrane material for the detoxication and purification of water, active material for gas sensing, heavy metal ions detection, and CO2 conversion. Furthermore, a trend analysis of both synthesis techniques and environmental applications of graphene has been performed by extracting and analyzing Scopus data from the past ten years. Finally, conclusions and outlook are provided to address the residual challenges related to the synthesis of the material and its use for environmental applications.

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“…Geochemical reactions, mining, natural disposition from minerals, uranium ore processing and spent fuel disposal are some of the ways by which the metal enters the aquatic environment. 1 The WHO has set the permissible limit for uranium in ground water to a maximum of 30 ppb. However, many countries including India have reported ground water contamination by uranium.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%