A critical review of resource recovery from municipal wastewater treatment plants – market supply potentials, technologies and bottlenecks

Abstract

This critical review reveals the technologies and potentials to recover water, energy, fertilizers and products from municipal WWTPs but also analyses the various bottlenecks that may their hinder successful implementation.

An Assessment of Wastewater Inventory and its Energy Potential: Bangladesh Perspective

“…However, if hydro scheme is applied to untreated wastewater, then percussion must be taken against corrosion. During pre-feasibility study, in addition to flow rate, gross head can be estimated through geographical information of system(GIS) and power potential can be estimated (Almaliki, 2019 (Kehrein et al, 2020).…”

“…Reducing this energy consumption and extracting energy from wastewater, dedicated study is going on for example at least 12 plants in Europe and the USA have been reported as reaching more than 90% energy self-sufficiency. The European research project Power-step is currently elaborating designs for energy neutral and energy-positive WWTPs through six different case studies (Kehrein et al, 2020).These research outcome inspire to adopt such technology which will exhibit double benefit simultaneously like MEC and MFC. In addition to of treatment, effluent quality and all other related matters then majority of the problem will be solved.…”

Responsible science, engineering and education for water resource recovery and circularity

“…Methodologies are under development to this end as well as to identify the bottlenecks and markets for the recovered products. 51,52 Priority objectives of wastewater treatment imperatively remain public health sanitation, water recycling, and environmental protection. This involves physical-chemical and biological methods for the removal of (bio)solids, organics, and nutrients, supplemented by advanced processes for the elimination of xenobiotic and xenogenetic contaminants of emerging concern, such as micropollutants [53][54][55][56][57] and antibiotic resistance determinants.…”

Exploring resource recovery potentials for the aerobic granular sludge process by mass and energy balances – energy, biopolymer and phosphorous recovery from municipal wastewater

“…1 It contains resources that can be recovered with a variety of technologies into reusable water, energy, fertilizers and other valuable products. 2 Recovering resources that can be produced in quantities and at costs that match the current market demand and prices 3 and/or tackle projected future resource scarcity 4 enables the transition towards water resource factories (WRFs) instead of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs).…”