A Critical Review of Extraction Methods for Vanadium from Petcoke Ash

Abstract

Petcoke is a solid carbon-rich residue produced during petroleum refining. Petcoke mineral matter is rich in vanadium that, when alloyed with other metals, can significantly improve its properties. Vanadium extraction from steel slags is well studied, while extraction from secondary sources such as petcoke is not well understood. Vanadium is one of the 50 critical minerals identified by the United States Department of Interior. Considering the annual production of petcoke, it is a valuable secondary source of vanadium, especially in places with no steel production. This review paper critically examines the compositional differences between steel and petcoke slags and the various extraction methods that apply to vanadium production, particularly from petcoke, considering the environmental issues associated with each technique. Information on the characterization of US petcoke is also included to identify specific extraction methods for vanadium.

Recovery of vanadium and nickel from heavy oil fly ash (HOFA): a critical review

“…However, higher temperature up to 1000 °C leads to the formation of refractory compounds due to the sintering of V, Ni, Al, and Fe compounds and the melting of NaCl. 55 Eventually, the study showed that V can be easily extracted from NaVO 3 through water leaching. The solid residue can undergo a further acidic leaching process to extract Ni.…”

The Recovery of Vanadium Pentoxide (V2O5) from Spent Catalyst Utilized in a Sulfuric Acid Production Plant in Jordan

“…A similar technique was used by Deng et al to recover vanadium from unburned stone coal, and they obtained a recovery yield of more than 90% [15]. Shi et al reported a vanadium recovery of approximately 67.7% in their investigations on the recovery of vanadium from black shale utilizing ultrasonic leaching [16]. On the other hand, it is worth mentioning that some studies provide flotation procedures as a useful technique for the recovery of metals from ores and other sources of metal [17,18].…”

Crystallization behaviour and growth mechanisms of spinel crystals in vanadium slag with high MgO content

“…Vanadium–titanium magnetite, rock coal, vanadium–potassium uranium ore, vanadium-phosphate ore, and bitumen are the common raw materials for vanadium extraction. 1 Among them, vanadium–titanium magnetite is the most important raw material for vanadium extraction. Currently, more than 80% of global vanadium is extracted from vanadium–titanium magnetite.…”