A critical review of developments in the pyrolysis of automotive shredder residue

Harder, Marie K.; Forton, Osric Tening

doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2006.12.015

Cited by 49 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The rubber contents, mostly from hoses, ranged from 8% to 23%. The fines fraction was 7% by weight and supported Harder and Forton's (2007) study that this was difficult to break down into quantifiable materials.…”

Section: Commercial Assessment Of the Thermal Technologiessupporting

confidence: 61%

Challenges around automotive shredder residue production and disposal

Khodier

Williams

Dallison³

2018

Waste Management

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a b s t r a c tThe challenge for the automotive industry is how to ensure they adopt the circular economy when it comes to the disposal of end-of-life vehicles (ELV). According to the European Commission the UK achieved a total reuse and recovery rate of 88%. This is short of the revised ELV directive target of 95% materials recovery, which requires a minimum of 85% of materials to be recycled or reused. A significant component of the recycling process is the production of automotive shredder residue (ASR). This is currently landfilled across Europe. The additional 10% could be met by processing ASR through either waste-to-energy facilities or Post shredder technology (PST) to recover materials. The UK auto and recycling sectors claimed there would need to be a massive investment by their members in both new capacity and new technology for PST to recover additional recycle materials. It has been shown that 50% of the ASR contains valuable recoverable materials which could be used to meet the Directive target. It is expected in the next 5 years that technological innovation in car design will change the composition from easily recoverable metal to difficult polymers. This change in composition will impact on the current drive to integrate the European Circular Economy Package. A positive factor is that main driver for using ASR is coming from the metals recycling industry itself. They are looking to develop the infrastructure for energy generation from ASR and subsequent material recovery. This is driven by the economics of the process rather than meeting the Directive targets. The study undertaken has identified potential pathways and barriers for commercial thermal treatment of ASR. The results of ASR characterisation were used to assess commercial plants from around the world. Whilst there were many claiming that processing of ASR was possible none have so far shown both the technological capability and economic justification.

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Section: Commercial Assessment Of the Thermal Technologiessupporting

confidence: 61%

Challenges around automotive shredder residue production and disposal

Khodier

Williams

Dallison³

2018

Waste Management

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“…Harder and Forton, 2007 [35], Vermeulen et al 2011 [1] and Cossu et al 2014 [36], in their comprehensive review concluded that the use of ASR pilot-scale pyrolysis experiments were limited. The majority of testing being undertaken at lab-scale (mg-g hr -1 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pilot-Scale Thermal Treatment of Automotive Shredder Residue: Pyrolysis Char Is a Resource or Waste

Khodier¹,

Williams²,

Dallison³

2017

WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment

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One of the major challenges facing the automotive industry is meeting the recycling and recovery targets set by the revised European End-of-life Vehicles directive (which has set a target of 95wt% for recovery from vehicles by 2015). End-of-life vehicles are shredded and the metal content is recovered (typically 75-80wt%). The remaining non-recovered material is 20-25wt% (shredder residue). It is this material which must be processed to meet the higher targets. Currently, the residue is disposed of cheaply, which in many cases is landfill. The option to recover material to meet the target is currently limited to mechanical sorting via post-shredder technologies. This is making it difficult to fully implement the requirements of the directive and the future application of the circular economy package. This paper considers the role of advanced thermal processing of shredder residue, which produces gas and oil products that contribute to the EU target. However, to fully meet the targets the authors believe that the char residue is a crucial element. This study presents the results of investigations into the char characteristics from thermal treatment at a pilot-scale rotary kiln at 800-1000°C. The composition of the char and its calorific value were determined and the critical factors on processing char and its subsequent use are presented. The results of these analyses suggest that thermal treatment may represent a viable process for shredder residue and with the char contribute to meeting the EU targets. The char comprises carbon and hydrocarbons and therefore, any secondary use must be benign within the environment and/or beneficial in secondary waste to energy technology. The paper has demonstrated that subsequent screening of the char and secondary processing will fulfill the EU target.

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“…The present paper will critically review all aspects of reuse, recycling and recovery of ELV components and materials, to complement existing papers that only address parts of these issues [11,[17][18][19][20], and it will concentrate on post shredder technologies in which ASR is separated in different fractions in view of a more efficient recycling and energy recovery. The separation of metals is not considered in detail since reuse and recycling of metals is already well established.…”

Section: Introduction: the Broad Problem Of Elvsmentioning

confidence: 99%