A critical review of asbestos concentrations in water and air, according to exposure sources

Peña-Castro, Margareth; Montero-Acosta, Michelle; Saba, Manuel

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15730

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 58 publications

(86 reference statements)

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“…Its presence around the historical heritage has been scarcely studied since it does not directly affect the heritage itself. However, when the cement matrix deteriorates, it releases asbestos fibers into the air in areas with a large flow of citizen tourists and workers in the tourism industry sector [67]. This brings to the fore the need to quantify and mitigate the problem, starting with the most frequented areas.…”

Section: A Critical Examination Of the Contemporary Challenges In Car...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Critical Assessment of the Current State and Governance of the UNESCO Cultural Heritage Site in Cartagena de Indias, Colombia

Saba,

Chanchí Golondrino,

Torres-Gil

2023

Heritage

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The port, fortresses, and monuments of Cartagena were included in the UNESCO World Heritage list in 1984. Nevertheless, since 2017 they are threatened to be categorized as “in Danger” by UNESCO. This research analyzes two main critical aspects, governance and the current state of the site. This study applies an innovative interdisciplinary methodology that merges empirical and scientific approaches to evaluate the governance of Cartagena’s heritage (causes) and its impact on the current state of the tangible cultural heritage (effects). Methodologically, secondary information is used to study governance. The study aims to identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats in the UNESCO site governance. Exemplary heritage management systems are studied to propose an adaptable management approach specifically for Cartagena. Over the past five years, qualitative data collected through field observations, along with a photographic report, have revealed significant issues stemming from insufficient heritage management. These problems have rarely been addressed in the existing literature. Furthermore, a quantitative approach was taken by analyzing hyperspectral images obtained from a previous study to identify vegetation and asbestos-cement roofs within the cultural heritage site. It takes a unique perspective by investigating the root causes rather than superficial issues. The study comprehensively analyzes various factors, including material degradation, vehicular traffic, environmental elements, urban structure, and architectural integrity, forming an interconnected framework with governance problems. This research offers a broader perspective that considers complex reality and goes beyond isolated problems and solutions. The study reveals that the ambiguity surrounding decision-making authority for heritage management, distributed between the Mayor’s Office and the Ministry of Culture, is a primary challenge. The lack of coordinated action significantly compromises the conservation and protection of the cultural heritage Site. Moreover, twelve current shortcomings of cultural heritage in Cartagena are identified through the authors’ five-year on-site regular visits, photographic reports, and observation. To address the prevailing concerns, a new line of command for cultural heritage management is proposed as the most effective means of tackling these challenges. Additionally, general recommendations are presented to mitigate the existing problems and prevent the classification of Cartagena’s heritage as “at risk” by UNESCO in the near future. Although, each problem identified would need a research project ad hoc to be fully addressed. This research provides a scientific perspective, drawing upon years of experience studying heritage and residing in the city, devoid of political influences or conflicts of interest.

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Section: A Critical Examination Of the Contemporary Challenges In Car...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Critical Assessment of the Current State and Governance of the UNESCO Cultural Heritage Site in Cartagena de Indias, Colombia

Saba,

Chanchí Golondrino,

Torres-Gil

2023

Heritage

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“…Despite the number of studies linking gastrointestinal cancer with constant ingestion of asbestos, Canada, USA, New Zeeland, and Australia do not ban the use of asbestos-containing pipes. There are large DWDS containing asbestos that are slowly replaced [74,75,[98][99][100][101]].…”

Section: Cementmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Behavior of Polymeric Pipes in Drinking Water Distribution System—Comparison with Other Pipe Materials

Stefan,

Bosomoiu,

Teodorescu

2023

Polymers

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The inner walls of the drinking water distribution system (DWDS) are expected to be clean to ensure a safe quality of drinking water. Complex physical, chemical, and biological processes take place when water comes into contact with the pipe surface. This paper describes the impact of leaching different compounds from the water supply pipes into drinking water and subsequent risks. Among these compounds, there are heavy metals. It is necessary to prevent these metals from getting into the DWDS. Those compounds are susceptible to impacting the quality of the water delivered to the population either by leaching dangerous chemicals into water or by enhancing the development of microorganism growth on the pipe surface. The corrosion process of different pipe materials, scale formation mechanisms, and the impact of bacteria formed in corrosion layers are discussed. Water treatment processes and the pipe materials also affect the water composition. Pipe materials act differently in the flowing and stagnation conditions. Moreover, they age differently (e.g., metal-based pipes are subjected to corrosion while polymer-based pipes have a decreased mechanical resistance) and are susceptible to enhanced bacterial film formation. Water distribution pipes are a dynamic environment, therefore, the models that are used must consider the changes that occur over time. Mathematical modeling of the leaching process is complex and includes the description of corrosion development over time, correlated with a model for the biofilm formation and the disinfectants–corrosion products and disinfectants–biofilm interactions. The models used for these processes range from simple longitudinal dispersion models to Monte Carlo simulations and 3D modeling. This review helps to clarify what are the possible sources of compounds responsible for drinking water quality degradation. Additionally, it gives guidance on the measures that are needed to maintain stable and safe drinking water quality.

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“…Furthermore, it is pertinent to underscore the significance of this matter, which is poised to retain its prominence over the forthcoming decades, particularly within developing nations that have recently enforced bans on asbestos or are currently in the process of doing so. It is noteworthy that merely 70 out of the world's 200-plus countries have prohibited asbestos, underscoring the global relevance of this issue [ 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of asbestos-cement roof distribution and prioritized intervention approaches through hyperspectral imaging

Enrique Valdelamar Martínez,

Saba,

Torres Gil

2024

Heliyon

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A critical review of asbestos concentrations in water and air, according to exposure sources

Cited by 16 publications

References 58 publications

A Critical Assessment of the Current State and Governance of the UNESCO Cultural Heritage Site in Cartagena de Indias, Colombia

A Critical Assessment of the Current State and Governance of the UNESCO Cultural Heritage Site in Cartagena de Indias, Colombia

The Behavior of Polymeric Pipes in Drinking Water Distribution System—Comparison with Other Pipe Materials

Assessment of asbestos-cement roof distribution and prioritized intervention approaches through hyperspectral imaging

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