A critical overview of pan evaporation trends over the last 50 years

Fu, Guobin; Charles, Stephen P.; Yu, Jingjie

doi:10.1007/s10584-009-9579-1

Cited by 121 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…It has caused the changes of the wind speeds in China significantly. Many meteorological sites have moved during the period of record, with moves from town centres to airports being particularly common (Trewin and Collins 2005;Fu et al 2009a), and the influence of urbanization on climate records, as well as influences of changes in the local ground surface or local shelter, has been happened in many parts of world in the last 50 years. Therefore, there are uncertainties associated with this result, especially for the largest and smallest of wind trend magnitudes.…”

Section: Wind Speed Trend and Spatial And Seasonal Distributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wind speed is one important climate variable being ignored by most climatic change and variability studies in the literature, although complex changes in surface wind speeds could be expected as the greenhouse effects on general atmospheric circulations (Xu et al 2006;McVicar et al 2008;Fu et al 2009a). This is maybe due to the quality of observed records of near-surface wind run being generally too poor for assessing changes in the wind climate (Smits et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temporal variation of wind speed in China for 1961–2007

Zhang

et al. 2010

Theor Appl Climatol

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101

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Monthly observed wind speed data at 597 weather stations and NCEP wind speed data at 10 m above surface were used to explore the temporal variations of the wind speed for 1961-2007 in China. The results indicate that the temporal variation of annual wind speed in China has experienced four phases: two relatively steady periods from 1961 to 1968 and 1969 to 1974 with a sharp step change in 1969, a statistically significant decline stage from 1974 to 1990s, and another relatively steady period from 1990s to 2007. Except for the sharp step in 1969 being caused by the changes of observation instrument, other breakpoints correspond well with the positive and negative phases of the interdecadal Pacific oscillation. In addition, four different temporal variation patterns of annual wind speed in China have been identified by using cluster analysis and their spatial distributions were also explored.

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Section: Wind Speed Trend and Spatial And Seasonal Distributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal variation of wind speed in China for 1961–2007

Zhang

et al. 2010

Theor Appl Climatol

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101

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“…This effect has been recognized for the ocean (Dai et al, 2009), but less conclusive patterns appear for continental surfaces, especially because of the complex behaviour of land evapotranspiration (Ohmura and Wild, 2002;Roderick and Farquhar, 2002;Brutsaert, 2006;Roderick et al, 2007;Fu et al, 2009;Jung et al, 2010). The response of evapotranspiration to climate change is controlled both by climatic and by hydrological parameters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deuterium excess in the atmospheric water vapour of a Mediterranean coastal wetland: regional vs. local signatures

2015

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Abstract. Stable isotopes of water vapour represent a powerful tool for tracing atmospheric vapour origin and mixing processes. Laser spectrometry recently allowed high timeresolution measurements, but despite an increasing number of experimental studies, there is still a need for a better understanding of the isotopic signal variability at different time scales. We present results of in situ measurements of δ 18 O and δD during 36 consecutive days in summer 2011 in atmospheric vapour of a Mediterranean coastal wetland exposed to high evaporation (Camargue, Rhône River delta, France). The mean composition of atmospheric vapour (δ v ) is δ 18 O = −14.66 ‰ and δD = −95.4 ‰, with data plotting clearly above the local meteoric water line on a δ 18 O-δD plot, and an average deuterium excess (d) of 21.9 ‰. Important diurnal d variations are observed, and an hourly time scale analysis is necessary to interpret the main processes involved in its variability. After having classified the data according to air mass back trajectories, we analyse the average daily cycles relating to the two main meteorological situations, i.e. air masses originating from North Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea. In both situations, we show that diurnal fluctuations are driven by (1) the influence of local evaporation, culminating during daytime, and leading to an increase in absolute water vapour concentration associated to a δ v enrichment and d increase; (2) vertical air mass redistribution when the Planetary Boundary Layer collapses in the evening, leading to a d decrease, and (3) dew formation during the night, producing a δ v depletion with d remaining stable. Using a twocomponent mixing model, we calculate the average composition of the locally evaporated vapour (δ E ). We find higher d (E) under North Atlantic air mass conditions, which is consistent with lower humidity conditions. We also suggest that δ v measured when the PBL collapses is the most representative of a regional signal. Strong, cold and dry winds coming from the north bring an isotopically depleted vapour, while light, warm and wet winds coming from the south bring an isotopically enriched vapour. Under northern conditions, a strong advection rate dilutes the contribution of the locally evaporated vapour (δ E ) to the ambient moisture (δ v ). The higher d values measured under northern conditions, compared to the Mediterranean situation, thus results from the combination of a higher d in both local and regional vapour. This depiction of typical daily cycles of water vapour isotopic composition can be used as a framework for further quantitative analyses of vapour sources during specific days.

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“…Research was conducted to detect climate changes, trends and variability in various parts of the world utilizing some climate parameters such as air temperature, rainfall depth, reference evapotranspiration ET o and pan evapotranspiration ET p (Schwartz and Randall, 2003;Garbrecht et al, 2004;Hegerl et al, 2007;Fu et al, 2009;Saghravani et al, 2009;Hakan et al, 2010). ET o is of particular importance because it combine changes in many other climate parameters including temperature, radiation, humidity and wind speed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Evapotranspiration Variability and Trends in the Arabian Peninsula

El-Nesr¹

2010

American Journal of Environmental Sciences

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Problem statement: Climate variability is receiving much attention recently because it has significant effects on water resources and therefore on the livelihood of society especially in water scarce countries such the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Approach: The aim of this study was to explore changes in the reference evapotranspiration (ET o ) using data from 27 weather stations through years Trend analysis with Mann-Kendall and Sen Slope gave consistent results and were able to detect trend direction and its significant level for each month and for each station. In general, most of stations showed an increasing trend especially in the Northern parts of KSA and along the longitudinal line of 45°. 'Yenbo' station showed a significant increasing trend in ET o for the entire year. The increasing trends prevailed during most of the year except in the winter months from October to January. Even during these winter months, significant decreasing trends were observed for only four stations. Conclusion: It is recommended to perform similar studies on other parts of the Arabian Peninsula using wider databases, and to consider the increasing trend of ET o in the planning for agricultural and water resources projects.

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A critical overview of pan evaporation trends over the last 50 years

Cited by 121 publications

References 69 publications

Temporal variation of wind speed in China for 1961–2007

Temporal variation of wind speed in China for 1961–2007

Deuterium excess in the atmospheric water vapour of a Mediterranean coastal wetland: regional vs. local signatures

Analysis of Evapotranspiration Variability and Trends in the Arabian Peninsula

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