A critical insight of modern herbal drugs therapy under the purview of toxicity and authenticity

Abdul, Mohi Iqbal Mohammed; Siddique, Sabahuddin; Rahman, Syed Ata Ur; Lateef, Durdana; Dan, Shubhasis; Mandal, Partha Sarathi; Bose, Anirbandeep

doi:10.4066/biomedicalresearch.29-18-968

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…The ginseng abuse syndrome includes edema, decreased appetite, depression, and hypotension (∼10%), hypertension (17%), sleeplessness (20%), nervousness (25%), skin eruption (25%), and morning diarrhea (35%) ( Paik and Lee, 2015 ). Long term use may cause blood clotting ( Mohammed Abdul et al, 2018 ). Ginseng reduces the blood levels of warfarin and alcohol as well as induced mania if taken concomitantly with phenelzine, a non-selective and irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor used as an antidepressant and anxiolytic agent ( Chen et al, 2011 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Authenticity and Authentication of Commercial Ginseng Herbal Medicines and Food Supplements

Ichim

Boer

2021

Front. Pharmacol.

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Ginseng traditional medicines and food supplements are the globally top selling herbal products. Panax ginseng, Panax quinquefolius and Panax notoginseng are the main commercial ginseng species in herbal medicine. Prices of ginseng products vary widely based on the species, quality, and purity of the used ginseng, and this provides a strong driver for intentional adulteration. Our systematic literature search has reviewed the authenticity results of 507 ginseng-containing commercial herbal products sold in 12 countries scattered across six continents. The analysis of the botanical and chemical identity of all these products shows that 76% are authentic while 24% were reported as adulterated. The number of commercial products as well as the percentage of adulteration varies significantly between continents, being highest in South America (100%) and Australia (75%), and lower in Europe (35%), North America (23%), Asia (21%) and Africa (0%). At a national level, from the five countries for which more than 10 products have been successfully authenticated, the highest percentage of adulterated ginseng products were purchased from Taiwan (49%), followed by Italy (37%), China (21%), and USA (12%), while all products bought in South Korea were reported to be authentic. In most cases, labeled Panax species were substituted with other Panax species, but substitution of ginseng root, the medicinally recommended plant part, with leaves, stems or flowers was also reported. Efficient and practical authentication using biomarkers to distinguish the main ginseng varieties and secondary metabolite spectra for age determination are essential to combat adulteration in the global marketplace.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Authenticity and Authentication of Commercial Ginseng Herbal Medicines and Food Supplements

Ichim

Boer

2021

Front. Pharmacol.

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“…Due to geographical variance and genetic manifestation, a lot of synthetic compounds have grown resistance. There are also few groups of drugs which can be harmful to pregnant women (Mohammed et al, 2018) Thus, scientists are in search of such molecule which should have moderate safety profile and also should be new entities that would not show resistance. The basic mechanism of action of the plant extract or molecule should be concentrated on how the growth of parasite is inhibited or the mechanism of transforming the biochemistry which in turn causes death of parasite (Schultz et al, 1994).…”

Section: Approaches With Phytomolecules As Anti-malarial Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modern approach of treatment on destroyable pathogenicity of malaria parasite: A review article

Das¹,

Siddique²,

Shehata³

et al. 2019

Afr. J. Pharm. Pharmacol.

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Plasmodium is the malaria parasite that completes the life cycle between two different hosts, such as human and Anopheles mosquito. These parasites go through several developmental stages like exoerythrocytic stage that is absent in Plasmodium falciparum, so relapses do not occur. The drugs which contain three P's like proguanil, primaquine, and pyrimethamine kill schizonts in the liver. Due to prolonged treatment of high dose of chloroquine, there may be serious side effects named as Bull's eye maculopathy. Atovaquone is rapidly acting blood schizonticide that acts by collapsing the parasite's membrane. Artemisinins are the fastest acting drugs against malaria. Mepacrine is an anti malarial drug which concentrates in collagen tissue. Infection by P. falciparum is the most lethal form of malaria, in this case agglutination of the infected RBC occurs and these agglutinised RBCs block the capillary vessels of the internal organs. Tafenoquine is a single dose medication for radical cure of P. vivax malaria. People with an enzyme problem G6PD deficiency can cause severe anaemia. At least two genes affecting red cells which are resistant to P. falciparum are autosomal gene for haemoglobin S (HbS) and the gene linked to sex G6PD variant gene. Anaemia is the main result due to malaria by haemolysis of infected and uninfected erythrocytes, dyserythropoiesis, splenomegaly and depletion of folate stores. Cerebral malaria is the most urgent complication that is manifested by confusion or coma by clusters of parasitized red blood cells to form large size cells of the capillary circulation which adhere to the vascular endothelium and block the circulation causing cerebral hypoxia and resulting to neurological symptoms and diagnosed cerebral malaria. Blackwater fever associated with falciparum malaria is mostly common with individuals that have taken antimalarial treatment irregularly or deficient in G6PD deficiency. Tropical splenomegaly is another symptom in falciparum malaria. HbAS was the genetic variant which associated with protection against malaria incidence and other variants such as alpha thalassemia, G6PD deficiency, polymormhism of genes encoding NOS 2 A and TNF, as well as protection against uncomplicated malaria.

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“…For example, Kacip Fatimah and Salindah are associated with preterm labour, while Tongkat Ali herbal coffee is significantly associated with hypertensive disorders in pregnancy and foetal distress ( Yusof et al, 2016 ). Other herbal plants, such as sage, camomile and fenugreek can pose risks and are linked to miscarriage when taken in large doses ( Abdul et al, 2018 ; Halicioglu et al, 2011 ; Ouzir et al, 2016 ). Despite growing attention around the safety and efficacy of CM used for dysmenorrhoea or painful periods ( Armour et al, 2019 ), pregnancy ( Adams et al, 2009 ) and postpartum ( Dehury et al, 2018 ; Diamond-Smith et al, 2016 ), there is little information available on CM used by women in the Middle East.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Complementary Medicine During Childbearing Years: A Multi-Country Study of Women From the Middle East

Arabiat

Whitehead

Gaballah

et al. 2022

Global Qualitative Nursing Research

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The prevalence of self-prescribed complementary medicine (CM) use is an area of concern across the Middle East. We conducted a descriptive qualitative study to describe women’s use of CM during their childbearing years in Egypt, Jordan, Saudi Arabia and Iran. The study conducted using face to face audio-recorded interviews with 70 participants. Our findings showed that women used several herbal plants to ease pain and discomfort during menstruation and/or during pregnancy and in postpartum care. Acupuncture, meditation, and massage were less likely to be used by women. The impact of CM was often described in relation to perceived usefulness and safety of herbs. Cultural beliefs and roles of women contributed to the use of herbs among women. Given the high use of herbal medicine, there is a need for discussion about the potential of adverse effects of some plants or their metabolites following self-medication during the childbearing years.

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A critical insight of modern herbal drugs therapy under the purview of toxicity and authenticity

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

A Review of Authenticity and Authentication of Commercial Ginseng Herbal Medicines and Food Supplements

A Review of Authenticity and Authentication of Commercial Ginseng Herbal Medicines and Food Supplements

Modern approach of treatment on destroyable pathogenicity of malaria parasite: A review article

The Use of Complementary Medicine During Childbearing Years: A Multi-Country Study of Women From the Middle East

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