A critical evaluation of the mineral and nitrogen balances in man

Isaksson, B; Sjögren, Björn

doi:10.1079/pns19670019

Cited by 77 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…It is a reasonable assumption, therefore, that the large positive N balances accompanying small changes of body-weight were due to the undernutrition of the 1943 cows before they were subjected to the experiment. The average initial weight of the 1943 cows was 477 kg; that of the 1948 cows was only 419 kg, which is consistent with the supposition that the 1943 cows had become somewhat oedematous as a result of the strict rationing to which they had been subjected, so that their weight change in period I was the difference between the increase resulting from protein retention and the decrease through loss of oedema fluid (Passmore, 1967; Isaksson & Sjogren, 1967). It is a commonplace of obesity clinics that overweight people when medically treated can lose a stone or two of weight without losing the expected amount of protein.…”

Section: Nutrition Balance Techniques and Their Limitationssupporting

confidence: 55%

“…It is a commonplace of obesity clinics that overweight people when medically treated can lose a stone or two of weight without losing the expected amount of protein. They lose, together with fat, salt water from oedema fluid (Isaksson & Sjogren, 1967). Moreover, the weight of the skeleton can vary independently of the weight of the soft tissues in the adult animal (Owen, 1940;Duncan, 1967).…”

Section: Nutrition Balance Techniques and Their Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nitrogen balances

1967

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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we quantitatively recovered from the diet (Fig. I ) are not subject to this criticism. Fig. 2, which records graphically information from the paper of Owen, Smith & Wright (1943), who demonstrated that urea can be substituted for protein, shows the output of nitrogen by cows as a function of their N intake. I n these experiments the diet was of concentrate meal and hay which required separate 2-day analyses, and the output was urine plus faeces plus milk. Refusals of meal or hay were measured. I n Fig. 2 the heights of some of the ordinates above the line of equilibrium, indicate retentions of N which might at first sight seem unacceptably large. Two questions, therefore, arise: ( I ) how large a positive balance is physiologically admissible, and (2) if the balances are inadmissibly large, from what technical imperfections could they have arisen? Question ( I )T h e 1943 experiment was done during the war when cattle food was rationed, and on a farm where the ration coupons were returned in order to find out whether wartime self-sufficiency was feasible. Before the experiment, therefore, these cows had been undernourished. Moreover, as a result of many years of N balance experiments on milch cows, the Institute had recommended a lower N allowance than was customary (Owen, 1941). Fig. 3 is a similar graph from a later experiment https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi

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Section: Nutrition Balance Techniques and Their Limitationssupporting

confidence: 55%

Section: Nutrition Balance Techniques and Their Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen balances

1967

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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“…Nitrogen balance can vary with the method used for collecting and preserving urine and faeces (Isaksson and Sjogren, 1967). Nitrogen retention can differ between slaughter method and feeding.…”

Section: Omdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of growing ruminants to diet in warm climates: a meta-analysis

Salah

Sauvant²,

Archimède

2015

Animal

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The aim of this work was to establish the response of growing sheep, goats and cattle to different nutritional environments. Data from 590 publications representing 2225 treatments were analysed. The results showed that each 10% increase in NDF was accompanied by 0.11 g/kg live weight (LW) and 0.32 g/kg metabolic live weight (LW 0.75 ) decreases in DMI. Otherwise, the response of DMI to CP (CP%DM) content was curvilinear (P < 0.01), without any significant difference in the slope between species. The percentage of concentrate (% CC) affected DMI curvilinearly, without any significant difference between species. This meta-analysis demonstrated the negative linear effect of NDF and the quadratic effect of CP concentration on organic matter digestibility (OMd). For growth performance, the three species responded curvilinearly to variations in metabolisable energy intake (MEI MJ/kg LW 0.75 ) and digestible CP (DCPI g/kg LW 0.75 ) intake (P < 0.01). At the same level of MEI, average daily gain (ADG) varied with CP contents of the diet, and only the intercept differences were significant between the three levels (P = 0.07). At the same level of DCPI, ADG varied with energy level (below maintenance (LE − − ), 1 to 1.2 × maintenance (LE − ), 1.2 to 1.4 × maintenance (ME + − ), and >1.4, corresponding to maximum growth (HE + )). No significant difference was observed between LE − − and LE − , and no significant difference was observed between ME + − and HE + . For nitrogen balance, no difference was observed between species for a given level of nitrogen intake.

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“…The earliest studies were made with chemical balance technic. This method is theoretically correct but is laborious and has serious inherent errors (1). Very long balance studies are needed to reduce errors in fecal demarcation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food Iron Absorption in Man APPLICATIONS OF THE TWO-POOL EXTRINSIC TAG METHOD TO MEASURE HEME AND NONHEME IRON ABSORPTION FROM THE WHOLE DIET

Björn-Rasmussen¹,

Hallberg²,

Isaksson³

et al. 1974

J. Clin. Invest.

202

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ABS TRA CT A new radioisotope method to measure iron absorption from the whole diet was used in this study. The method is based on the concept that food iron is absorbed from two pools, the heme iron pool and the nonheme iron pool, which can be especially labeled with two radioiron isotopes given as hemoglobin and as an iron salt. The purpose of this study was to test the accuracy of this two-pool extrinsic tag method.The meals served were composed as an average of 6 wk consumption in the present material of 32 young enlisted men. The mean and total heme and nonheme iron absorption in all the 32 young men was 1.01±0.11. This figure agrees well with the mean daily losses expected for this group of subjects (1.0 mg). The conclusion can therefore be made that there are no major systematic errors of the present method to measure the total iron absorption from a mixed diet.In one series a comparison was made of the absorption of heme and nonheme iron from the meals. A significant correlation between the absorption of the two kinds of iron was found. However, a much greater fraction of the heme iron was absorbed (37%) than of the nonheme iron (5%).The absorption both from breakfast and lunch was in two series found to give a good prediction of the total daily nonheme iron absorption. One series was designed to compare the effect of two levels of iron fortification. There was a significant increase in iron absorption when the level of iron fortification of the meals was increased.

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A critical evaluation of the mineral and nitrogen balances in man

Cited by 77 publications

References 16 publications

Nitrogen balances

Nitrogen balances

Response of growing ruminants to diet in warm climates: a meta-analysis

Food Iron Absorption in Man APPLICATIONS OF THE TWO-POOL EXTRINSIC TAG METHOD TO MEASURE HEME AND NONHEME IRON ABSORPTION FROM THE WHOLE DIET

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