“…In recent years, the use of data-based techniques such as machine learning (ML) to predict geotechnical issues has received increasing attentions [26,64,68,72]. Of numerous emerging ML techniques, artificial neural networks (ANN) is the most common approach to develop forecasting models of various geotechnical issues such as slope stability [40], soil properties [29,48], bearing capacity [7,28], deep excavation [2,71], mining [12,57], tunnelling [59], jet grouting [58], among others.…”