A critical evaluation, challenges, and future perspectives of using artificial intelligence and emerging technologies in smart classrooms

Abstract

The term "Smart Classroom" has evolved over time and nowadays reflects the technological advancements incorporated in educational spaces. The rapid advances in technology, and the need to create more efficient and creative classes that support both in-class and remote activities, have led to the integration of Artificial Intelligence and smart technologies in smart classes. In this paper we discuss the concept of Artificial Intelligence in Education and present a literature review related to smart classroom technology, with an emphasis on emerging technologies such as AI-related technologies. As part of this survey key technologies related to smart classes used for effective class management that enhance the convenience of classroom environments, the use of different types of smart teaching aids during the educational process and the use of automated performance assessment technologies are presented. Apart from discussing a variety of technological accomplishments in each of the aforementioned areas, the role of AI is discussed, allowing the readers to comprehend the importance of AI in key technologies related to smart classes. Furthermore, through a SWOT analysis, the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats of adopting AI in smart classes are presented, while the future perspectives and challenges in utilizing AI-based techniques in smart classes are discussed. This survey targets educators and AI professionals so that the former get informed about the potential, and limitations of AI in education, while the latter can get inspiration from the challenges and peculiarities of educational AI-based systems.

Do we still need teachers? Navigating the paradigm shift of the teacher's role in the AI era

“…By action of the AI, the personalization of learning paths produces tangible effects on students' learning processes, and this is by an almost revolutionary reconfiguration of the teaching strategies and methods implemented by teachers (Su and Yang, 2022). With the help of tools and techniques such as smart platforms, big data, cloud computing, machine learning, and natural language processing (Litman, 2016;Asgari and Antoniadis, 2021;Liu M. et al, 2022;Megahed et al, 2022;Dimitriadou and Lanitis, 2023)the teacher can implement comprehensive student monitoring. Thanks to these tools, the teacher is able to collect, represent and analyze in-depth data on students' learning behavior, their learning attitudes and styles, the educational needs of each student and the mutual differences between personal learning paths.…”

“…Thanks to these tools, the teacher is able to collect, represent and analyze in-depth data on students' learning behavior, their learning attitudes and styles, the educational needs of each student and the mutual differences between personal learning paths. Placed in this context, the teacher becomes the actor who, as the first step in an educational pathway, does not introduce knowledge content to the students but possesses the elements to elaborate learner models for each student (Ye, 2021;Yusupova et al, 2022;Dimitriadou and Lanitis, 2023).…”

“…A smart or future classroom is intended as a highly integrated environment with sensors and devices capable of automatically controlling and acting on environmental factors (such as temperature and lighting), enhancing communication and real-time interactions both between students and between students In particular, through the use of Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT) and wearable devices, it is possible to capture and monitor students' and teachers' behavioral data in real-time (Zhang Y. et al, 2021;Dimitriadou and Lanitis, 2023). Furthermore, through electronic whiteboards, it is possible to introduce and utilize different types of educational resources that are often difficult to use and present within the traditional classroom context.…”

“…The picture that emerges from the literature clearly shows how the figure of the teacher today is not sufficiently trained and equipped to deal with the new role that the AI era imposes on them. The most common problem that emerges from the analysis of the papers is precisely the low level (and in some cases the absence) of adequate digital skills (Hou, 2020;Edwards, 2021;Wang C, 2021;Ahmed et al, 2022;Bucea-Manea-oniş et al, 2022;Cao and Li, 2022;Kim and Kim, 2022;Yang, 2022;Dimitriadou and Lanitis, 2023). Whether it stems from the age of the teaching class, or from the habit of using more traditional media and methodologies, today's teachers are not up-to-date with the latest technologies (especially AI-based ones) and rarely have adequate knowledge of the tools available within their subject area.…”

The language model based on sensitive artificial intelligence -ChatGPT: Bibliometric analysis and possible uses in agriculture and livestock

“…El término "inteligencia artificial" (IA) se refiere a la capacidad de los sistemas informáticos para realizar tareas humanas (como aprender y pensar) que con frecuencia solo se pueden lograr a través de la inteligencia humana (Sadiku et al, 2021). Si bien la IA puede ser una herramienta útil para apoyar y mejorar nuestra experiencia, es importante considerar las limitaciones de la tecnología, el valor de la interacción humana y la orientación en el proceso de aprendizaje (Dimitriadou & Lanitis, 2023).…”