A critical appreciation of intangible resources in PharmaNutrition

Waal, Mark B. van der; Veldhuizen, Christiaan K.; Waal, Raymond X. van der; Claassen, Eric; Burgwal, Linda van de

doi:10.1016/j.phanu.2020.100208

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…This information can be used in promoting or advertising phytosterol enriched foods and supplements; notably, as already mentioned, it is reasonable to assume that a professional support, where possible medical, to the use of these formulations, formally classified as “food” could significantly improve the appropriateness of their use [ 49 , 50 ].…”

Section: Regulatory Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytosterols, Cholesterol Control, and Cardiovascular Disease

Poli¹,

Marangoni²,

Corsini

et al. 2021

Nutrients

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The use of phytosterols (or plant sterols) for the control of plasma cholesterol concentrations has recently gained traction because their efficacy is acknowledged by scientific authorities and leading guidelines. Phytosterols, marketed as supplements or functional foods, are formally classified as food in the European Union, are freely available for purchase, and are frequently used without any health professional advice; therefore, they are often self-prescribed, either inappropriately or in situations in which no significant advantage can be obtained. For this reason, a panel of experts with diverse medical and scientific backgrounds was convened by NFI—Nutrition Foundation of Italy—to critically evaluate and summarize the literature available on the topic, with the goal of providing medical doctors and all health professionals useful information to actively govern the use of phytosterols in the context of plasma cholesterol control. Some practical indications to help professionals identify subjects who will most likely benefit from the use of these products, optimizing the therapeutic outcomes, are also provided. The panel concluded that the use of phytosterols as supplements or functional foods to control Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels should be preceded by the assessment of some relevant individual characteristics: cardiovascular risk, lipid profile, correct understanding of how to use these products, and willingness to pay for the treatment.

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Section: Regulatory Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytosterols, Cholesterol Control, and Cardiovascular Disease

Poli¹,

Marangoni²,

Corsini

et al. 2021

Nutrients

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“…A similar trend was found in a previous study comparing patents and clinical trials (Wiegers et al, 2022). This result could be expected, as clinical trials are a later step in the research process than patents (van de Burgwal et al, 2018). To clarify, patents are intended to protect new ideas and products whereas clinical trials can be considered tools for further development and testing of a product.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A closer look at the clinical trial data that were collected reveals that all clinical trials executed in Iran were sponsored by academia, which is in accordance with the finding that patents were mainly applied for by the industry and clinical trials were mainly sponsored or executed by academia. This is a likely outcome because patent applications can be costly and time consuming, and therefore are usually done with the expectations of profits in the long run (van de Burgwal et al, 2018). Clinical trials on the other hand are usually executed to test the safety and efficacy of a product on a shorter term, with a higher focus on acquiring scientific knowledge instead of profits (Janse et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reviewing the state of the art of probiotics as clinical modalities for brain–gut–microbiota axis associated disorders

Wiegers

Veerman²,

Brummer³

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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The rise in prevalence of mental and neurological disorders is causing a high burden on society, however adequate interventions are not always available. The brain–gut–microbiota axis (BGMA) may provide a new angle for the development of clinical modalities. Due to the intricate bi-directional signaling between the brain and the gut, it may be helpful to look into interventions that target the gut, such as probiotics. Therefore, this review aimed to investigate the state of the art of probiotics and their potential as clinical modalities for BGMA-associated indications by gaining insight into patents and clinical trials that have been applied for and executed since 1999. A total of 565 patents and 390 clinical trials were found, focusing on probiotic applications for 83 indications. Since the start of the 21st century, the highest numbers of patents and clinical trials were related to primary neuropsychological, affective (depression, anxiety) and cognitive disorders, neurodegenerative and/or inflammatory brain disorders (Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, amongst others), and gastrointestinal disorders (irritable bowel syndrome). The locations where the most patents and clinical trials were registered included China, the United States, and Iran. From 1999 to ~2013 a slight growth could be seen in the numbers of patents and clinical trials, followed by an almost exponential growth from ~2013 onwards. Overall, the developments of the state of the art were in accordance with previous research, however it appeared that clinical trials showed a slightly slower growth compared to patents, which may have implications for the future implementation of probiotics as clinical modalities for BGMA-associated indications.

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“…This is further evidenced by the fact that PhaNu industry analyses have shown that innovation barriers result from a lack of cross-industry understanding and appreciation of relevant intangibles and of the necessary dynamic capabilities to absorb and integrate these into innovation processes [49,258]. Novel approaches are needed to build critical managerial appreciation of IC, its components, and their relation to key topics on the managerial agenda such as improving absorptive capacity [46], innovation, value creation and appropriation [296,297]. Specifically, demands have been articulated for boundary-spanning IC conceptualizations-robust enough to bear relevance between organizations, plastic enough to adapt to situated particularities of individual cases-to close a gap between IC theory and practice [22,68,105,125,298].…”

Section: Te C Hnov a Ti On Under Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untangling the Intangible

van der Waal

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Effective innovation management in knowledge- and technology-intensive industries such as the Life Sciences critically depends on the appreciation of organizational intangibles as key factors in innovation processes. Furthermore, successful innovation processes in these industries critically depend on cooperation across actors and disciplines. Collectively referred to as the organization’s intellectual capital (IC), intangibles entail the non-physical, non-monetary means that are available to the organization through its employees, organizational structures, and external relationships. Management of IC is complicated due to the complex, elusive, and context-specific nature of organizational intangibles, making it difficult to identify, appropriate, and effectively utilize valuable intangibles in cooperative innovation processes. Building on previous studies into innovation barriers, drivers, and appropriability challenges in PharmaNutrition and the Life Sciences more broadly, this thesis focuses on the dynamics of IC within these industries, aiming to advance the utilization of intangibles for cooperative innovation. A sequential research strategy was implemented, combining a multiple desk study design with a multiple case study design to first synthesize applicable conceptual frameworks and models for innovation and organizational IC (desk studies), and then apply these concepts to different Life Sciences contexts (case studies). A total of nine individual studies were conducted and together answered the central research question: How can we advance the management of organizational intangibles for cooperative innovation in the Life Sciences?

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A critical appreciation of intangible resources in PharmaNutrition

Cited by 5 publications

References 44 publications

Phytosterols, Cholesterol Control, and Cardiovascular Disease

Phytosterols, Cholesterol Control, and Cardiovascular Disease

Reviewing the state of the art of probiotics as clinical modalities for brain–gut–microbiota axis associated disorders

Untangling the Intangible

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