A critical and intensive review on assessment of water quality parameters through geospatial techniques

Application of New Hyperspectral Sensors in the Remote Sensing of Aquatic Ecosystem Health: Exploiting PRISMA and DESIS for Four Italian Lakes

“…To date, most of the applications developed for inland water quality monitoring and management have been based on multispectral and mid (e.g., Landsat constellation, Sentinel-2-MSI) to coarse (e.g., ENVISAT-MERIS, Sentinel-3-OLCI) spatial resolution satellites [25]. While research efforts are still ongoing to face the challenges typical of EO of inland waters, such as global chlorophyll-a concentration mapping or corrections for adjacency effects [26][27][28][29][30], it is also true that depending on an optical sensor's specifications, the EO-derived products vary from turbidity, transparency, and concentrations of chlorophyll, suspended particulate matter and colored dissolved organic matter, floating materials and, in the case of shallow waters, bottom depth and type. In the literature of the past and recent years, numerous articles and reviews [31] and reference therein addressed the optical water quality parameters that can be retrieved by remote sensing techniques (i.e., suspended sediments (turbidity), chlorophyll and other secondary pigments, color dissolved organic matter (CDOM), water clarity and temperature) (e.g., [13,32,33]), the different properties of sensors and platforms and their environmental applications (e.g., [34][35][36]) and the algorithms developed and implemented to retrieve water quality products (e.g., [37][38][39]).…”

“…In this latter more applied paper category a total of 40 articles were found, and the majority of them were related to lakes (85% of the applied articles). In addition, imaging spectroscopy has been also attracting a wide interest [28] and reference therein since its simultaneous collection of narrower and contiguous bands is improving aquatic ecosys-tem mapping for the retrieval of parameters describing water quality, aquatic vegetation (e.g., biomass [41], invasive species identification [42]) and benthic substrates that might be undetectable with broadband multispectral sensors [15,27,40,[43][44][45][46][47][48]. In such a context, airborne data (e.g., APEX, AISA, MIVIS) have been providing unique data at high spectral and spatial resolution for performing advanced mapping as well to support satellite mission development and verification (e.g., [49][50][51][52]).…”

Overview of the Application of Remote Sensing in Effective Monitoring of Water Quality Parameters

“…Water bodies are crucial to the existence of humans, aquatic life, and the whole ecosystem. Water bodies including inland waters are the main source of water for drinking, power generation, industrial cooling, supporting biodiversity, ecosystem services, recreation, transportation routes, waste disposal, agriculture production, energy production, regional planning, and fish farming [11,18,[40][41][42][43][44][45]. Inland water bodies are at the receiving end of the effect of climate change, development, urbanization, and contamination caused by rapid and uncontrolled environmental changes including nutrient pollution, drought, and changes in land use and land cover, which results in negative impacts such as the proliferation of toxic blue-green algae, extreme turbidity, accelerated eutrophication among others, which impacts the sustainability of the water resources [46][47][48][49].…”

“…Some of the sensors used in the estimation of WQPs are summarized in Table 1 for optical sensors and 2 for microwave sensors. Tables 1 and 2 present their year of launch, and the spatial, temporal, and spectral resolution to aid researchers in their decision on what sensor to use in their studies [5,6,8,16,40,43,[135][136][137]. Microwave sensors have been used in the measurement of WQPs such as sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface salinity (SSS).…”

Application of Planarian Brain Regeneration: Detection of Water Pollution

“…Since the commercial instruments of available water quality detection are limited to the data at specific points and the price is very expensive [3], indicator organisms may be considered as available water quality detection. Because of its many Open Journal of Ecology advantages, such as easy to breed, strong regeneration ability and short regeneration time, the planarian Dugesia japonica has become an important indicator organism in the process of water pollution detection.…”