A critical analysis of Puerto Rican machismo: Implications for clinical practice.

Caballerismo may protect against the role of machismo on Mexican day laborers’ self-esteem.

“…He argued machismo might have developed in response to an attempt to regain some form of dignity and honor after Mexican men's emasculation and feelings of inferiority, powerlessness, and defeat by Spaniards. Although some scholars have suggested the construct of machismo is not distinct to Latino men (Casas, Wagenheim, Banchero, & Mendoza-Romero, 1994;De La Cancela, 1986, 1991, we argue that the unique historical context of much of Latin America, coupled with the manifestation of Latino cultural values and scripts, make for a culture-specific gendered experience.…”

En el laberinto de machismo: A comparative analysis of macho attitudes among Hispanic and Anglo college students

“…The belief that Hispanic populations are culturally predisposed toward machismo is widespread among Hispanics and non-Hispanics alike; however, most studies that have focused on machismo have focused on Hispanic cultures such as Puerto Ricans, Cubans, Mexicans, South Americans, or various immigrant groups from their respective countries of origin (Lara-Cantu, 1989;Panitz et al, 1983;De La Cancela, 1986;Mirande, 1986), and not on comparative studies that could generate understanding of the degree to which two cultures differ on such a construct.…”

“…Recent investigations evidence a sharp increase in the study of machismo from divergent perspectives, including interpersonal and family relations (Stevens, 1973;Wiest, 1983;Lara-Cantu, 1989); theoretical origins of machismo (Ingoldsby, 1985;Mirande, 1986), clinical approaches to machismo (Panitz, McConchie, Sauber, Fonseca, 1983;De La Cancela, 1986); law enforcement concerns (Reyes-Cairo, 1986); and management style differences (Rossi & Todd-Mancillas, 1986). …”

The Challenge of Staying HIV-Negative for Latin American Immigrants

“…Femininity, a complex issue in Pads words, is related to creation, tenderness, and resilience to suffering, but also to passivity, sin, vulnerability, and openness to intrusion. Although men from other Latin American regions, particularly those from the Caribbean, may be less introverted than Mexican men, their societies still put a strong emphasis in distinguishing macho roles from those of women (de la Cancela, 1986;Ramirez, 1993).…”